American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 25 (2): 77-88, 2025 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2025 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2025.77.88 Corresponding Author: P. Saranraj, Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu, India. 77 Environmental Biotechnology: Sustainable Strategies for Pollution Remediation and Ecosystem Restoration G. Anusuya, A. Revathi and P. Saranraj Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract: Ecological biotechnology addresses environmental preservation and conservation by integrating developments in chemical engineering, genetic engineering, biochemistry and microbiology. A prominent strategy within this field is biosorption, a promising biotechnology for the removal and recovery of contaminants. This process is driven by mechanisms such as ion exchange, membrane complexation, absorption and accumulation. A key benefit of biosorption is its ability to utilize both living and dead biomass, offering advantages including high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, ion-exchange capabilities and the wide availability of biomass sources. This review article critically examines the scientific foundation, benefits, limitations and industrial potential of biosorption, comparing it to conventional waste treatment methods. Furthermore, it emphasizes how biotechnology can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by developing innovative solutions to environmental challenges such as disease control, pests, climate change, soil degradation and water scarcity. By combining biology, technology and applied research, biotechnology fosters innovation, promotes sustainable resource management and paves the way for equitable solutions that ensure environmental resilience for future generations. Key words: Ecological Biotechnology Biosorption Pollution Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) and Environmental Remediation INTRODUCTION to modify the crop to be resistant to illness and reduce the Biotechnology is a vast discipline focused on particular metabolic processes, crops can be biofortified. modifying and enhancing microbes, plants and animals For example, Golden Rice can be biofortified by adding to create novel products, procedures and organic genes for the manufacture of beta-carotene [5]. materials that improve human health. This diverse sector Numerous organic materials, both natural and man- is critical to numerous industries, including medicine, made, can be broken down by microorganisms. They can agriculture, food technology and environmental also alter the speciation and mobility of metals, science [1]. By increasing the number and quality of radionuclides and other inorganic species by oxido- products, biotechnology is transforming agricultural and reductive and other transformations [6-11]. Microbes, industrial processes. Furthermore, there are more and plants and animals that have undergone genetic more commercial biotechnology products every year. modification have opened up new possibilities. For The foundation of "biotechnology" is the instance, plants that can withstand harsh conditions and environmentally and economically responsible use of diseases might yield more at a cheaper cost, ensuring natural resources, which is crucial for achieving the 17 food security and environmental health. The sustainable sustainable development objectives of the 2030 Agenda use of biological products, which reduces waste and [2, 3]. Because of their extraordinary metabolic capacities, helps to mitigate climate change, is the foundation of the microorganisms may break down, change and detoxify a bioeconomy. Biotechnological advancements can be used wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic to optimise these methods and provide positive toxins and newly discovered compounds [4]. It is possible outcomes. The cyanobacteria model species need for artificial pesticides. By adding genes unique to