Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2315-5094) Vol. 13(2) pp. 012-021, October, 2025.
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Full Length Research Papers
Geo-accumulation Index and Enrichment Factor of
Mercury (Hg) and Methyl mercury (MeHg) in Sediments
from some Estuaries, Persian Gulf: Pollution Load Index
(PLI)
Javad Kazemzadeh Khoei
Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Iran
Email: khoei@iidsharif.ac.ir
Accepted 6 October, 2025
Environment geochemistry of mercury and methyl mercury in contaminated sediments from five
estuaries along the Imam Khomeini port, northwest part of the Persian Gulf, were studied. The samples
were divided into particular grain size fractions and then the content of Hg and MeHg was determined.
Environmental indicators such as geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) for Hg and
MeHg in all estuaries were analyzed. According to study results, mean concentrations of Hg in all
estuaries were 0.74 for Hendijan, 0.54 Ghanam, 0.37 Meleh, 1.35 Musa and 0.65 μg/g for Zangi,
respectively. The mean concentrations of MeHg were 0.61 for Hendijan, 0.40 Ghanam, 0.29 Meleh, 1.01
Musa and 0.47 μg/g for Zangi, respectively. Measuring of geoaccumulation Index show that Meleh and
Ghanam estuaries are moderately polluted, Zangi estuary is moderately to strongly polluted and Musa
and Hendijan estuaries are strongly to extremely polluted. Enrichment Factor (EF) show metals trace
and sources in Ghanam and Meleh estuaries is related to crustal materials or area background, but in
Hendijan, Musa and Zangi estuaries is related to anthropogenic impact such as petroleum and
petrochemical industries. Finally, the metals accumulated in the estuary sediment as a result of
changing chemical conditions such as pH, oxygen content, redox potential, organic carbon and
carbonate.
Keywords: Geoaccumulation Index, Enrichment Factor, Mercury, Methylmercury, Persian Gulf
INTRODUCTION
Heavy metals introduced in the aquatic ecosystem are
mostly concentrated in estuaries areas, near densely
populated and industrialized regions (Vicente-Martorell et
al. 2009). These particles are often very small, and can
therefore stay in solution for a very long time. In the last
decade, there has been an increasing ecological and
global public health concern associated with
environmental pollution by these metals (Hosseini et al.
2013). Also, human exposure has risen dramatically as a
result of an exponential increase of their use in several
industrial, specific oil and petrochemical industries and
agricultural (Hou et al. 2013). Generally, sources of
metals in the environment include industrial, agricultural,
pharmaceutical, geogenic, domestic effluents, and
atmospheric sources (Ip et al. 2004; Hatje et al. 2008). In
the aquatic ecosystem, oil and petrochemical industries