American Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 2025, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 41-54 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhc.20251002.12 * Corresponding author: Received: 13 September 2025; Accepted: 22 September 2025; Published: 14 October 2025 Copyright: © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Triple Cascade Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidones Using Lawsone and Heterocyclic Scaffolds with a Zinc Acetate Catalyst: Dyeing Efficiency on Nylon and Polyester Fabrics Nilam Patel 1 , Prashant Kumdale 2, * , Sneha Kulkarni 3 , Paresh Patel 4 , Suchitra Savant 1 1 Department of Chemistry, VanitaVishram Women’s University, Surat, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Shivneri College Shirur Anantpal, Dist, Latur India 3 Department of Chemistry, KLS ViShwanathro Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal, India 4 Department of Chemistry, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, India Abstract This report presents an efficient triple cascade protocol for synthesizing new disperse dyes derived from different heterocyclic scaffolds, urea, and lawsone. This study proposes a novel modification protocol for disperse dyes that enhances their affinity for nylon substrates through the use of Zinc acetate catalyst, without inducing structural changes in the nylon fibers. Zinc acetate, which is favored due to its low-priced, low toxicity, and environmental benefits, has emerged as a valuable catalyst for this reaction. Triple cascade reactions (TCRs) represent a pivotal strategy in modern synthetic chemistry for the efficient construction of diverse organic molecules, owing to their high atom economy, operational simplicity, and environmentally benign nature. The recently synthesized disperse dyes demonstrate excellent dyeing properties on mutually nylon and polyester fibers. The Experimental finding demonstrated that the newly established dispersed dye had a significant effect on the dyeing performance and overall coloration properties of the substrates. The novel dyes show superior dyeing properties compared to lawsone, especially in term of vibrant shades, higher affinity, improved adsorption capacity and advanced tinctorial strength. Additionally, the percentage exhaustion, fixation, color strength (K/S), washing fastness & sublimation fastness properties are notably better in nylon-dyed samples than in polyester. These findings highlight the significant potential of these novels disperse dyes for nylon & polyester fiber. With commercialization, these dyes could provide a better alternative to conventional disperse dyes, offering broader benefits across various industries. Keywords Triple Cascade Reaction, Disperse Dyes, Fastness, Color Strength (K/S), Exhaustion and Fixation