Co-Designing the SnowApp Climate
Service for Winter Tourism Industry in
Northern Finland
Ilona METTIÄINEN
a,1
, Martin COATH
a
, Roxana CONTRERAS
a
, Jusu TOIVONEN
b
and John C. MOORE
a
a
Arctic Centre, University of Lapland
b
Rukakeskus Ltd.
Abstract. Snowmaking and snow storing are increasingly used as climate
adaptation strategies in ski resorts all over the world, including in the Arctic. While
the decrease of the number of snow cover days is slower than in the Alps, snow
security is decreasing particularly at the beginning of the skiing season in October-
November. As there is up to 30-times difference between minimum and optimal
conditions in the energy and water consumption in snowmaking, it makes sense to
optimize the timing of snowmaking to ensure that snowmaking will not turn into
maladaptation. Climate services are user-friendly ways of providing relevant
climate information for end-users. Our team co-designed a climate service prototype
for winter tourism centers in Northern Finland in 2017-2020 by a transdisciplinary
co-design process involving climate science, modelling, tourism research, and
practitioners including snowmaking professionals and environmental experts from
a pilot enterprise. The versatile co-design methods utilized included e.g. visual
methods and workshops, and co-evaluation of the prototype. The resulting climate
service prototype SnowApp provides a reliable 4-week forecast on snowmaking
conditions and hence it is a decision-support tool for ski resort management. The
prototype is applicable in other geographical locations, too, and for other snow
dependent businesses.
Keywords. Climate change adaptation, winter tourism, co-design, climate services,
transdisciplinary engineering
Introduction
Proper, reliable snow conditions are the key success factor for winter tourism
destinations [1, 2]. However, climate change poses challenges to winter tourism in ski
resorts across the world [1, 3–6], increasingly also in the Nordic Countries and in the
Arctic. While the mean annual snow cover duration in the Arctic and Northern
Scandinavia is currently 6 months or more [7], the Arctic is warming 2-4 times faster
than the global average, which already influences the snow conditions in the region [7,
8]. Expected future changes include further delay of the first snowfall and onset of winter
conditions, more rain-on-snow events, and the decrease of the number of cold days – in
essence, shorter and warmer winters and less reliable snow conditions [7, 9, 10].
Snowmaking and storing of snow over the summer have become central adaptation
strategies in ski resorts for improving snow security and enabling longer ski seasons – or
for enabling economically viable ski operations to continue [4, 5, 11, 12]. Due to their
1
Corresponding Author, Email: ilona.mettiainen@ulapland.fi.
Engineering For Social Change
A. Cooper et al. (Eds.)
© 2024 The Authors.
This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0).
doi:10.3233/ATDE240839
22