0 Inter University Attraction Pole Participation and Representation (PartiRep) Brussel/Bruxelles, Antwerp, Leuven, Leiden Party cartelization and party membership in Belgium and Italy Giulia Sandri, gsandri@ulb.ac.be and Teun Pauwels, tepauwel@ulb.ac.be CEVIPOL, Université libre de Bruxelles Paper prepared for presentation at the PARTIREP International Conference ‘Party membership in Europe. Explorations into the anthills of party politics’ Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 30-31 October 2008 FIRST DRAFT, PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE