1 in press Organization and Specialization of Early Mining and Metal Technologies in Anatolia, in B.W. Roberts and C.P. Thornton, eds., Reader in Early Metallurgy: Old and New World Perspectives. New York: Springer Verlag. Organization and Specialization of Early Mining and Metal Technologies in Anatolia Joseph W. Lehner Cotsen Institute of Archaeology University of California, Los Angeles A210 Fowler Bldg. Los Angeles, CA 90095 jwlehner@ucla.edu K. AslıhanYener The Department of Archaeology and History of Art Koç University RumelifeneriYolu 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey Yener.aslihan@gmail.com Abstract The development of metallurgy in Anatolia is argued to be the result of complex long- term engagements and interactions among diversified highland and lowland communities. Patterns in the various ways people acquired, produced, traded and consumed metals are given focus in this review of recent advancements in the study of Anatolian metalwork. In this paper, we draw attention to research conducted primarily in the Taurus Mountains and Central Anatolia during the last decade to examine the changing relationship between society and technology during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. Specifically, we examine institutions of metal production and trade using archaeological evidence to highlight the existence of a complex sociopolitical environment rich in regional technological traditions before major political and economic interaction with Syro-Mesopotamia. We stress two conclusions: first, the development of indigenous metal production institutions correlates to localized social arrangements in Anatolia. Second, the development of a hierarchy of production sites occurred to mitigate uncertainty in access to necessary metal resources.