J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(6)xxxx-xxxx, 2012
© 2012, TextRoad Publication
ISSN 2090-4304
Journal of Basic and Applied
Scientific Research
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*Corresponding Author: Mahdi Khorvash, Department of Consoling and Psychology Islamic Azad University
Khomeinishahr Branch, Daneshjou Blvd, Email: Irank.horvash@iaukhsh.ac.ir
Evaluation of Role of Emotional Types on Decision Making towards
Advertising among Students in Malaysia
Mahdi Khorvash
1
, Mohammad Reza Iravani
2
, Seyed Esmael Mosavi
3
1,3
Department of Consoling and Psychology Islamic Azad University Khomeinishahr Branch, Daneshjou Blvd
2
Department of Social Work, Islamic Azad Islamic Azad University Khomeinishahr Branch, Daneshjou Blvd, Iran
ABSTRACT
Understanding role of the emotional types between students who are concerned in advertising is a crucial issue
prior to starting any intervention programs. It may provide effect on all behaviors and change consumers'
decision making. This study was conducted to examine the predictive relationship between emotional types and
students decision making towards advertising in Malaysia. The study employed survey research involving the
administration of two standardized psychological tests which were the PANAS Questionnaire and the 5 Phases
Decision Making Questionnaire. A total of 375 students who were local people in Malaysia participated in this
study. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that there
was relationship between emotional types and students’ decision making towards advertising. Results also
demonstrated that positive emotional types high significantly predicted the of students decision making towards
advertising in Malaysia.
KEY WORDS: Positive, Negative, Emotional Types, Decision making, advertising.
INTRODUCTION
Research on how role of the emotional types on consumer decision maing toward advertising has
historically focused on the contrast between positive and negative emotional types that is, on the differential
effect of emotional types that vary in valence. It is only recently that researchers began recognizing that
emotional types of the same valence may exert different effect on consumer behaviour and decision making
toward advertising.
Damasio (1994) showed that role of the emotional types and feelings act as a gatekeeper to decisions,
providing a bridge between the rational activity of the neo-cortex and the non-rational (limbic) functions of the
sub-cortex. The apparatus of rationality, traditionally presumed to be neocortical, does not seem to work without
that of biological regulation, traditionally presumed to be sub-cortical. His conclusion is that cognition is hard-
wired via the emotions, and that feelings are therefore capable of impeding cognition and even driving decisions
in the face of negative cognition. This is used to explain intuitive decision-making, which he believes arises
from somatic markers – defined as emotions and feelings connected by learning to predict future outcomes of
certain scenarios. A negative somatic marker associated with a particular outcome acts as a disincentive, but
when a positive somatic marker is juxtaposed, it becomes a beacon of incentive.
Margalit (2002) compared between positive and negative emotional types with neutral condition toward
advertisement in a correlation study based on demographic. He determined emotional message toward
advertisements also have an impact on every stage of decision based in life. Even young babies are influenced
by emotional messages communicated through TV advertisements. He found positive emotion is a major factor
in persuasive advertising that aims to change viewpoints, decisions and not simply to demonstrate the logical
implications of data.
Heath (2006) analyses emotional types and rational content toward 23 advertisements in the USA and 20
in the UK. Researcher then asked 200 people by questionnaire in each country for their responses towards
advertisements. He found advertisements with high emotional content resulted in a significant positive change
in attitude and decision.
Based on the analysis of research literature on the cognitive aspect toward advertising impact, a survey
of advertising impact on consumer behaviour was carried out by Jakštien, Susnien, and Narbutas (2008). The
respondents’ age was distributed as follows: 16 to 29 years of age (48% of all respondents) and 30 to 49 years of
age (52% of all respondents). The results revealed different emotional types. Some 68% of respondents thought
that the product is introduced in a detailed way and contains a funny photograph to make it interesting. Only
32% of respondents named negative emotional types and stated that the advertisements irritated them as much
as other advertisements, as similar products were advertised far too often and they were not interested in the
adverts of such products. Furthermore, it can be concluded that if advertisement message evokes positive and
negative emotional types, it can be prepared successfully to have an effect on decision making. They concluded