Copyright © 2011 Surena Sabil, Sabitha Marican & Sheilla Lim Omar Lim
Organizational Support and Work-family Enrichment among Professional Women: A
Malaysian Case
Surena Sabil
University Malaysia Sarawak
Sabitha Marican
University of Malaya
Sheilla Lim Omar Lim
University Malaysia Sarawak
This study aims to examine the consequences of organizational support towards work-family
enrichment. It is hypothesized that family-friendly policies and work-family culture will be
positively related to work-family enrichment. Data were collected from 255 professional women
through a structured questionnaire that were distributed personally to the respective workplace.
The study found that family-friendly policies and work-family culture were positively related to
work-family enrichment. These results of the study imply that family-friendly policies and work-
family culture are an important concern for individuals and organizations alike because of its
positive consequences leading to increased work-family enrichment and family-work enrichment.
Implications of these findings and recommendations for further enhancement are discussed.
Key words: work-family enrichment, work-family culture, family-friendly policies, professional women.
Participation of women in the workplace can be seen as a basis of excellence of future global competitiveness.
Mainly because in Malaysia, women comprise 50% of the work force, whereby 70% of them are married working
women (Public Service Department, 2010; Jamilah et al, 2006). Such trend of married working women in Malaysia
will become a common scenario in Malaysia. Hence, bringing more women into the workplace is not a choice but a
necessity for both economic and global competition. Furthermore, Malaysia has a long way to go since female
participant rate is much less compare with developed countries where the figures are more than 70% (Nor Aini,
2008).
As married couples, the wisdom to balance between the roles at home and at work is important to ensure the well
being of the family (Sabitha, 2009). According to the popular belief, work is always believed as a burden or
propagates negative impacts on the family. Therefore, efforts to balance the roles between work and family
sometimes cause problems or stress (Kahn et al, 1964). Work and family conflict certainly has been under careful
attention ever since to help deal with the pressures of work and family roles. Work and family conflict occurs when
there is an overlap of roles which reflect incompatibility between work and family domain (Greenhaus &
Beutell,1985).
Although many studies have shown that the overlap between work and family roles lead to conflict (Aminah,
1995; Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985; Kahn et al, 1964), there is also evidence that the benefits or advantages derived
from the relationship of work and family (Carlson et al, 2006; Greenhaus & Powell, 2006; Rohany & Fatimah,
2006). The merge of work and family that produces something positive is known as enrichment. Work-family
enrichment in detail means work and family working together to support each other and provide benefits to the other
role (Greenhaus & Powell, 2006). Studies have shown that employed women suffer less from depression and have a
positive impact on their psychological well-being (Baruch & Barnett, 1986; Rohany & Fatimah, 2006).
Theories of Work and Family Roles
It started with the role theory that was used as a basis for the approach of conflict between the role and diversity of
roles (Kahn et al, 1964). Role theory, which emphasizes the role of stress or role conflict, occurs as a result of an
overlap of work and family roles (Kahn et al, 1964). Role ambiguity is caused when an employee is unsure what
type of job behavior to execute in a given work situation (Boles, Johnston & Hair, 1997). Research has proved that
role conflict and role ambiguity affect a wide range of attitudes and behaviors across a variety of work settings.