Authors:
Farooq A. Rathore, MBBS
P. W. New, MClinEpi, FAFRM (RACP)
Akhtar Waheed, MBBS, MCPS, FCPS
Affiliations:
From the Spinal Rehabilitation Unit
(FAR, AW), AF Institute of
Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan; Spinal Rehabilitation Unit
(PWN), Caulfield General Medical
Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne,
Australia; and Departments of
Medicine (PWN) and Epidemiology
and Preventive Medicine (PWN),
Monash University, Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia.
Correspondence:
All correspondence and requests for
reprints should be addressed to
Farooq A. Rathore, MBBS, AF
Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine,
Abid Majeed Rd., Rawalpindi 46000,
Pakistan.
Disclosures:
None.
0894-9115/09/8803-0001/0
American Journal of Physical
Medicine & Rehabilitation
Copyright © 2009 by Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318198b6d7
Pressure Ulcers in Spinal Cord
Injury
An Unusual Site and Etiology
ABSTRACT
Rathore FA, New PW, Waheed A: Pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury: An
unusual site and etiology. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2009;88:000 – 000.
Case series of pressure ulcers in patients with spinal cord injury after inappro-
priate and prolonged application of graduated compression stockings are pre-
sented. Three adult patients with spinal cord injury were fitted with graduated
compression stockings in the acute phase to prevent thromboembolism. Acute
hospital staff did not monitor the skin for potential pressure ulcer because of the
graduated compression stockings. Grade II pressure ulcers developed on the
toes in all three cases. All pressure ulcers were managed conservatively and
healed without complication. The manufacturers of graduated compression stock-
ings did not include information about the need to monitor patients with sensory
impairment for pressure ulcers. It is suggested that the manufacturers of gradu-
ated compression stockings include information about the need to monitor
patients with sensory impairment for skin breakdown. When graduated compres-
sion stockings are applied to patients with sensory impairment, including spinal
cord injury, staff needs to be vigilant for pressure ulcers occurring at the extremes
of the graduated compression stockings, in addition to the more common areas
where pressure ulcers occur.
Key Words: Pressure Ulcers, Spinal Cord Injury, Thromboprophylaxis, Compression
Stockings
Pressure ulcers are a frequent complication of spinal cord injury (SCI).
1,2
There are numerous risk factors for developing a pressure ulcer.
2–4
Pressure
ulcers may develop anytime after SCI
5
and are among the costliest complica-
tions.
6
They are responsible for an increased length of stay in hospital
7
and are
an important cause of rehospitalization.
5
This is despite the availability of
evidenced-based prevention guidelines.
8
Patients with SCI are also at a high risk of developing thromboembolic
disorders: deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
9
Graduated com-
pression stockings (GCS) fitted to the lower limbs combined with other forms
of thromboprophylaxis are one of the effective means of reducing the risk of
thrombosis.
10,11
We present three case reports of patients with SCI who devel-
oped pressure ulcers secondary to prolonged and inappropriate application of
GCS.
March 2009 Pressure Ulcers on the Foot in SCI 1
CASE REPORT
Pressure Ulcers