Chapter 72 Structural Lineaments Derived from Planforms of Watercourses in the Second Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire Gábor Kovács Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences and Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest s_kovacs_gabor@hotmail.com Abstract Second Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire, carried out in the 19 th century, can be very useful in different scientiic investigations owing to its accuracy and data content. The fact, that the mapmakers used geodetic projection, and the high accuracy of the survey guarantee that scientists can use these maps and represented objects can be evaluated in retrospective studies. The streams were drawn with very thin lines that also ascertain the high accuracy of their location. The goal of the study was the neotectonic evaluation of the western part of the Pannonian Basin, bordered by Pinka, Rába and Répce Rivers. The watercourses, especially alluivial ones, react very sensitively to tectonic forcing. However, the present-day course of creeks and rivers are mostly regulated, therefore they are unsuitable for such studies. Consequently, the watercourses should be reconstructed from maps surveyed prior to the main water control measures. Second Military Survey is a perfect source for such studies. Maps show intensive agricultural cultivation and silviculture in the study area. Especially grazing cultivation precincts of the streams is important for us. That phenomenon and data from other sources prove that streams haven’t been regulated in that time. The streams were able to meander, and lood its banks, and only natural levees are present. ICA Symposium on Cartography for Central and Eastern Europe Vienna, 16–17 February 2009 In: Georg Gartner & Felix Ortag (Eds.): Proceedings of the First ICA Symposium for Central and Eastern Europe 2009, Vienna University of Technology, 2009.