1 Missing Voices: Critical IPE, disciplinary history and H. N. Brailsford’s analysis of the capitalist international anarchy. Lucian M. Ashworth Dept of Politics and Public Administration University of Limerick Luke.ashworth@ul.ie One of the most effective ways of disciplining a discipline is to control the historical narratives that lay out the nature and origins of a field of study. IPE is no different. The recent disciplinary history of IPE by Benjamin Cohen provides a coherent account of the origins of IPE that validates the division of IPE into American and British schools, represents the core question in IPE as the relation between economics and political science, and also tends to marginalise critical IPE. This chapter questions some of the assumptions in Cohen’s narrative by looking at the critical IPE of H. N. Brailsford. Brailsford’s work not only reveals the deep roots of critical IPE, it also questions Cohen’s assumptions about the origins of IPE and IPE’s relationship with IR. For Cohen ‘IPE was born just a few decades ago. Prior to the 1970s in the English-speaking world economics and political science were treated as entirely different disciplines, each with its own view of international affairs’ (Cohen, 2008, p. 1). IPE for Cohen emerges as a recent attempt to merge economics with political science. Yet, in order to justify his image of IPE after 1970 Cohen also sets the scene with a short ‘pre-history’ of the field. While only short, Cohen’s presentation of the pre-history of IPE (whether intentionally or not) distances IPE from the broader history of IR and marginalises critical IPE. For Cohen there is little or no IPE before 1970 because of the later nineteenth century split between economics and political science, a split that he argues was ‘complete’ by the early twentieth century: ‘By the mid-twentieth century the relationship between the two disciplines could best be described as non-existent’ (Cohen, 2008, p. 18-9). Despite this, Cohen does concede that there was one place where the split had not taken effect, and this was in ‘the radical perspectives’, exemplified by the work of J. A. Hobson amongst others