Patterns of Deviance in Crime News
49
Patterns of Deviance in Crime News
by David Pritchard and Karen D. Hughes
Existing research has failed to develop a satisfactory theoretical
explanation for journalists’ decisions about which crimes to
highlight and which to ignore. We proposed that four forms of
deviance (normative deviance, statistical deviance, status devi-
ance, and cultural deviance) account for much of the variation in
decisions about crime news. To test deviance-based explanations
for crime news, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of
Milwaukee, WI, homicides and how two newspapers covered them.
We used content analysis and interviews with journalists. The
results showed that the newsworthiness of a homicide is enhanced
when Whites are suspects or victims, males are suspects, and
victims are females, children, or senior citizens. We concluded that
status deviance and cultural deviance are important components
of newsworthiness and that statistical deviance (unusualness) may
be much less important than commonly assumed.
Routine crime news is easy to overlook because it is so familiar and mundane.
Nonetheless, understanding the forces that shape crime news is important
because the social and political impact of such news is quite broad. The media’s
emphasis on crime, for example, helps to maintain the salience of crime as a
political issue (Surette, 1992). It also causes some people to be unduly fearful of
victimization (Jacob, 1984; Liska & Baccaglini, 1990). Both these phenomena are
independent of actual changes in the crime rate (Jacob, 1984; Lewis, 1993;
Scheingold, 1991), and both tend to increase citizens’ receptivity to repressive,
tough-on-crime policy proposals (Leps, 1992; Scheingold, 1991).
In addition, the amount of newsworthiness journalists assign to individual
crimes (i.e., how prominently their news organizations feature the crimes)
channels police and prosecutorial resources toward cases highlighted by the
media (Pritchard, 1986; Pritchard, Dilts, & Berkowitz, 1987; Scheingold, 1991),
and helps audience members “to mark the outer edges of their group and to
reinforce their shared cultural identity” (Tucher, 1994, p. 148).
David Pritchard (PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1984) is chair of the Department of Mass
Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. His research interests include journalism
ethics and the interaction between the news media and the legal system. Karen D. Hughes (MA,
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1996) is a lecturer in the same department. The authors thank
Karen Riggs, Kathy Rogers, and anonymous referees for insightful comments and suggestions, and
Tom Luljak for careful work with the study’s interviews.
Copyright © 1997 Journal of Communication 47(3). Summer. 0021-9916/97/$5.00