ISSN 0072 9612 Hamburg, Februar 2010 S. 69-110 Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. Band 106 Makuyuni, a new Lower Palaeolithic Hominid Site in Tanzania THOMAS M. KAISER 1 , CHRISTINA SEIFFERT 2 , CHRISTINE HERTLER 3 , LUTZ FIEDLER 4 , HILDE L. SCHWARTZ 5 , STEPHEN R. FROST 6 , LIANE GIEMSCH 7 , RAYMOND L. BERNOR 8 , DOMINIK WOLF 8 , GINA SEMPREBON 9 , SHERRY V. NELSON 10 , FRIEDEMANN SCHRENK 11 , KATERINA HARVATI 12 , TIMOTHY G. BROMAGE 13 & CHARLES SAANANE 14 . 1 Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum,Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Email: thomas.kaiser@uni-hamburg.de. 2 Am Weigelsgarten 33, 60433 Frankfurt, Germany. 3 Research Center The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans (ROCEEH), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany. 4 Freiherr v. Stein Str. 10, 35085 Beltershausen, Germany. 5 Earth and Planetary Sciences, UC Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. 6 Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1218, USA. 7 LVR-Landesmuseum Bonn, Bachstr. 5-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany. 8 Howard University, College of Medicine, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, 520 W St. NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA. 9 Department of Biology, Bay Path College, Longmeadow, MA 01106, USA. 10 Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, New Mexico, NM 87131, USA. 11 Research Center The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans (ROCEEH), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany. 12 Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, Rümelinstr. 23, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. 13 Hard Tissue Research Unit, Department of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA. 14 P.O. Muhimbili University, Box 65453, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Summary During several transgression and regression cycles the Pleistocene Lake Manyara (North Tanzania) deposited a lacustrine sequence which is exposed to the south, north and east of the present lake. The lower member of the Makuyuni Beds is best exposed south of the town of Makuyuni where it yielded both a rich mammal fauna and Palaeolithic stone artefacts. Vertebrate fossils represent 11 mammalian families and are preserved in heavily bioturbated mud flat deposits that show the character of an attritional carnivore- ravaged assemblage. Dental remains are by far the most common elements in the