Personal Relationships, (2011). Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2011 IARR; DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01335.x
Worries in expectant parents: Its relation with
perinatal well-being and relationship satisfaction
SUSANNE N. BIEHLE AND KRISTIN D. MICKELSON
Kent State University
Abstract
Although much has been written about the impact of pregnancy on expectant parents, less is known about the
worries couples experience during pregnancy. Sex differences in worries and the link between self and coparent
worries on perinatal well-being and relationship satisfaction in 104 primiparous couples were examined. It was found
not only do expectant mothers and fathers worry about different things, but also type of worry is related to different
outcomes. Moreover, using structural equation modeling, childbirth worries and worry frequency indirectly predict
lower relationship satisfaction through worse well-being. However, coparent’s worries did not significantly relate to
their partner’s perinatal well-being or relationship satisfaction. This study suggests the importance of examining
perinatal worries in parents, as well as the dyadic interaction between coparents.
Couples expecting their first child are typi-
cally filled with excitement and anticipation
about the impending arrival of their baby
(e.g., Feldman & Nash, 1984). Yet, because
of the all the unknowns surrounding preg-
nancy (especially with a first child), it can also
be a stress-provoking time for both expec-
tant mothers and fathers (e.g., Harville, Savitz,
Dole, Herring, & Thorp, 2009; Hobbs &
Cole, 1976). Expectant parents often worry
about various aspects of the transition and
pregnancy from baby’s health, the child-
birth process, money, and/or their copar-
ent relationship (e.g.,
¨
Ohman, Grunewald,
& Waldenstr¨ om, 2003; Petersen, Paulitsch,
Guethlin, Gensichen, & Jahn, 2009). Although
research has examined what expectant moth-
ers (and to a lesser degree expectant fathers)
worry about, it is less clear how worry dur-
ing pregnancy impacts them individually and
Susanne N. Biehle and Kristin D. Mickelson, Department
of Psychology, Kent State University.
This study was supported by a grant to K.D.M. from
the Ohio Board of Regents.
Correspondence should be addressed to Susanne N.
Biehle, Department of Psychology, Kent State Univer-
sity, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242-0001, e-mail:
sbiehle@kent.edu.
how their worries are related to their coparent
and coparent relationship. Moreover, despite
the wealth of knowledge that has been gath-
ered about the transition to parenthood in the
last few decades, relatively few studies have
systematically examined the combined per-
spectives of the expectant mother, father, and
couple. In addition, no prior research exists
on the impact of a coparent’s worries on their
partner’s well-being. This study proposes to
examine sex differences in the worries of
expectant parent, as well as the differential
impact of these worries on their well-being
and relationship satisfaction. In addition, this
study examines whether what one parent wor-
ries about, as well as how much they worry,
will be related to well-being and relationship
satisfaction in their coparent.
Sex differences in worries
Worry is considered a normal aspect of daily
life associated with real-life triggers occurring
presently or expected to occur in the near
future (Tallis, Davey, & Capuzzo, 1994).
Worry has alternately been defined in the liter-
ature as the emotional distress or arousal con-
nected with an actual or perceived situation
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