20 CHAPTER 2 HUMAN SECURITY AND REFUGEES 2.1 Introduction This chapter attempts to review the evolution of the human security concept and to recap the on-going debates of the human security concept from various schools of thought and perspectives. It also attempts to apply the human security concept to the issue of migration and refugees, specifically. As this study adopts the UNDP’s concept of human security as a main research guideline, this chapter attempts to study the possibility of applying any components in the human security concept into the analytical framework. The analytical framework of this study is largely derived from the UNDP’s human security concept, where there are two components called: 1) socio- economic security (comprising four areas such as living conditions, health protection, employment and educational accessibility) and: 2) personal security (comprising four areas such as physical safety, conditions of woman refugees, detained refugees and child refugees) - will be used as an analytical framework to investigate the human security of the Chin refugees in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2.2 The Evolution of the Human Security Concept Realism was a dominant security paradigm in the Cold War era. The realists dominate and influence the diplomatic and policymaking process as well as international affairs related to security issues. Realists believe that states should compete with each other for