OSTAP SEREDA Shaping Ukrainian and All-Russian Discourses: Public Encounters of Ukrainian Activists from the Russian Empire and Austrian Galicia (1860-70s) In likrainian historiography, modern Ukrainian nationalism is often consideredto be a unified single phenomenonthat opposedboth Romanov and Habsburg imperial legacies, and also both Polish and Russiannation- alist endeavorsto control and assimilateUkraine. The "Ukrainian idea" is seen asa stable and natural concept elaborated by the classics of the Ukrai- nian national revival which was then left to national activists of a smaller caliberto be disseminated among peasants. ln particular,special attention has been paid to contacts betweenUkrainian activists("Ukrainophiles") from the Russianempire and their counterparts from Austrian Galicia. 'Ihey are presented as transmitting "true knowledge" from the coreUkrai- niarrlands, the "f)nipro Ukraine" (Naddniprians'ka Ukrainl), to its Westem borderland; while the changes and differences in national identification of these activists are usuallyneglectedr. On the other hand, there is growing interestin the identity politics of l9th'century Ukraine, and particularly,in thosetrends that servedas alter- natives to Ukrainophile ideas.The debates over national identity voiced by 19h-century Ukrainians (Little Russians, Ruthenians) are considered important indicatorsof how the neighboringPolish and Russian modern nationswere constructed.2 within the literature, attentionis paid to the in- ' Kyrylo Studvns'kyi, "Do istorii vzaiemyn Halychpy z Ukrainoiu v r. 1860- -1873," Ukraina 27, no.2 (1928): G40. For the standardpost-Soviet interpretation of 196-century lJkrairrian history see Vitalii Sarbei, Nafsional'ne aidrodzhennia lJkrainy (Kyrv 19oo). 2 Roman Szporluk, "Ukraine: From an Imperial Periphery to a Sovereign State," Daedalus 126 13 (199V: 85-11 9.