Figure: 1 PPG electrode placement
Novel approach for Brain computer interfacing
T. Gandhi
4
, A. Jena
1
, A. B. Pal
1
, D. Prusty
1
, P. Das
1
, S. Pandit
1
, R. Panda
2
, P. Pal
3
Abstract-
Brain computer interfacing (BCI) plays an important
role as an assistive device for various neural disorder
people. In this paper, attempts have been made to
interface thought process generated in photo
plethysmography (PPG) with machine / computer.
PPGs were collected by using PPG electrodes on finger
tips corresponding to two types of brain activities;
planning and relax. The proposed scheme is based on
discrete wavelet transform (DWT) analysis. Features
like entropy, energy and standard deviation at each
node of the decomposition tree were calculated followed
by application of SVM for classification. Clinical PPG
signal recorded from planning as well as relax state are
used to test the performance of this new scheme. The
testing accuracy of this wavelet based SVM classifier is
found to be 90% accurate .The proposed model is user
friendly, cost effective and more accurate compared to
its EEG counterpart.
Key Words: Brain computer Interfacing (BCI);
Assistive device; photo plethysmography (PPG);
discrete wavelet transform (DWT).
1. INTRODUCTION
Assistive technology is essential for the
disabled and elderly to live independently for rest of
their lives [1,8,9]. However accidentally disabled like
spinal cord injury subjects, developmentally disabled
individuals with motor paralysis; such as
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Guillain–Barre
Syndrome have difficulty in conveying their
intentions, since the motor neurons influencing
voluntary muscles are affected. Technology has made
significant impact on social well-being of human
beings who fall into the strata of disabled and
paralytic people. In the past few years, the focus on
the development of assistive devices for people with
severe disability has increased by improving the
traditional systems[9,10].Assistive technology deals
with the development of technological hardware and
software that enables physically challenged people to
overcome the hindrances in carrying out activities of
daily living. Recent development in embedded
systems technology have opened up a vast area of
research and development of portable and affordable
assistive devices tuned to specific applications for the
physically challenged populace [2,3,4]. Various
assistive technologies supporting individual
communication have been developed for the disabled
using Brain-Computer interface (BCI) [5,6,7,11,12].
Researchers are incessantly trying to find out the
individuals’ residual ability to supplement their
impaired functions with surviving functions. Brain-
computer interface (BCI) systems allow people to
communicate without moving instead, direct
measures of brain activity are translated into
messages or commands. Hence, BCIs can enable
communication for persons with severe motor
disabilities that prevent them from communicating
through other means.
In this study, we have attempted to design an BCI
system activated by photoplethysmograph (PPG)
signals rather than electroencephalogram (EEG)
signals, which is user-friendly, simple, cost effective.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Plethysmograph is a combination of the Greek
word, ’plethysmos’ meaning increase and ‘graph’ is
the word for write. It is an instrument used mainly to
determine and register the variations in blood volume
or blood flow in the body. In this study we are
introduce a method for Brain computer
interface(BCI) using plethysmogram (PPG) signal
1
Biomedical Engg., MIET, BBSR, Orissa
2
Biomedical Engg., TAT, BBSR, Orissa
3
Biomedical Engg., NIT, Raipur
4
Biomedical Engg., AIIMS, New Delhi
Corresponding Author: gandhitk@gmail.com
2010 First International Conference on Integrated Intelligent Computing
978-0-7695-4152-5/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/ICIIC.2010.30
218