JOBNAME: Acta Juridica 07 PAGE: 1 SESS: 13 OUTPUT: Mon Nov 26 18:43:36 2007 /dtp22/juta/juta/acta-juridica07/ch07x Part II RESTORATIVE JUSTICE, CRIME AND (IN)SECURITY IN AFRICA Development, Social Justice and Global Governance: challenges to implementing restorative and criminal justice reform in South Africa TONY ROSHAN SAMARA* George Mason University I INTRODUCTION Attempts at implementing institutional transformations in criminal justice systems face a number of, thus far, nearly insurmountable obstacles. This paper examines one specific set of challenges having to do with governmentality and the practice of urban governance in the post-Cold War era. It is my contention that governmentality and its practice, as they are constituted today, act as impediments to the implementation of restorative justice in South Africa. The paper is divided into two sections. The first is a discussion of governance and governmentality at the global scale. The second addresses the importance of examining these as they are expressed at the level of the city. It begins with a case study of urban renewal in Cape Town that is meant to illustrate a particular manifestation of post-Cold War governmentality at the local/municipal level, and concludes with a discussion of the challenges this governmentality poses to the implementation of restor- ative justice. The case study intends to make clear that attempts at criminal justice reform, including restorative justice, potentially contradict the dominant tendencies in the contemporary practice of governance at the global, national and local scales, as well as the discursive field from which it * MA (Sociology) (University of California) MA (Liberal Studies) (City University of New York) Ph.D (Sociology) (University of California). Assistant Professor of Sociology, Depart- ment of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, USA. 113