International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4051-4059 ISSN: 2249-6645 www.ijmer.com 4051 | Page 1 A.K.Tripathi, 2 U.K.Mishra, 3 Ajay Mishra, 4 Saras Tiwari and 5 Parul Dubey 1 Principal, Shriyut College Gangeo Rewa –486111, Madhya Pradesh India 2 Department of Geology Govt. P.G. College Satna –485001, Madhya Pradesh India 3,5 Department of Geology, Govt. P.G. College Rewa –486001, Madhya Pradesh India 4 Department of Chemistry, I.V. P.G. College Jawa Rewa –486223, Madhya Pradesh India Abstract : The area is drained by a fourth order Tons river and its tributaries having dendritic to subparallel drainage pattern. The paper deals with studies of hydrogeochemical in groundwater around Chakghat area, Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh. Geologically, the area is occupied by Upper Rewa sandstone of Rewa Group; Ganurgarh shale and Bhander limestone formations of Bhander Group, Vindhyan Supergroup. Total of twenty five groundwater samples collected in post monsoon season of 2011 and were analysed to see their suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. The water samples from Karstic limestone and shaly aquifers are moderately hard to very hard in nature. The higher amount of total dissolved solids in a few samples is due to impervious nature of shale aquifer. The concentration of fluoride in a few samples exceed maximum permissible limit (1.5mg/l) due to fluoride mineral associated with Bhander limestone aquifer. The study reveals that groundwater samples is more or less within prescribed limits as per World Health Organisation (WHO) and Indian Standard Institute(ISI) for drinking purpose. As per Chadha’s scheme of classification, the groundwater of the study area is Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Ca-Mg-SO 4 -Cl type. The calculated sodium adsorption ratio values suggest excellent quality for irrigation. The other parameters such as percent sodium, Kelley's ratio, Permeability index and Residual sodium carbonate suggest that the groundwater of the study area is suitable for irrigation purpose. The samples plotted on U.S. salinity diagram indicate that groundwater of the region is medium to high saline and low alkaline in nature. Keywords: Groundwater Quality, Chakghat, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India I. Introduction Groundwater is a most vital natural resources required for drinking and irrigation. The quality of groundwater is largely controlled by discharge-recharge pattern, nature of host and associated rocks as well as contaminated activities. Moreover, the nature and amount of dissolved species in natural water is strongly influenced by mineralogy and solubility of rock forming minerals (Raymahasay, 1996). The quality of groundwater is function of various parameters which determines its suitability for drinking purposes (WHO 1984; Trivedy and Goel 1986; ISI 1991; APHA 1998). In the present study, an attempt has been made to interpret the drinking and irrigation water quality of groundwater around Chakghat area, Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh (Fig.1). The study area is drained by Tons river and its tributaries and bounded by latitude 24 0 30' to 24 0 45' N and logitude 81 0 00' to 81 0 25' E covering an area of about 900 km 2 . The climate is semi arid to humid type and average rainfall of the area is about 1000 mm however in the year 2011 it was recorded 550 mm. The temperature in summer months goes up to 46 0 c while as low as 3 0 c during peak winter month. The relative humidity of about 75 percentage. II. Geology and Hydrogeology The study area is part of northern extension of Vindhyan Sedimentary Basin; one of the thickest sedimentary basin of India. The main rock types are Govindgarh Sandstone of Rewa Group, Ganurgarh Shale and Bhander Limestone of Bhander Group, Vindhyan Supergroup. The sandstone is red and purple in colour, hard and compact, fine to medium grained and quartzitic in nature. The Ganurgarh Shale is buff to purple, thinly laminated and well bedded. The Bhander Limestone is main litho-unit occupying about seventy percent of the study area is massive to karstified, light to dark grey in colour. Limestone is stromatolitic and non-stromatolitic types. The stromatolitic type shows well bedded branching and non- branching columns. Locally bioherms and biostromes are well developed (Tiwari and Dubey, 2005). The non-stromatolitic are generally well bedded, light pink, light grey to dark grey in colour. Both limestones have been affected by silicification in the form of nodular cherts (Dubey et.al., 2009). Hydrogeologically, the area lies in Precambrian sedimentary province (Karanth,1987). Due to high silica cementation in sandstone, the primary porosity is low whereas secondary porosity in the form of joints, fractures form the source of groundwater. The groundwater occurs in confined and semi-confined conditions. The various karstifications- Rillen, Rinnen and Kluft Karrain developed in the study area are potential source of groundwater. III. Methodology A total of twenty five groundwater samples from bore well have been collected during post-monsoon season of 2011. The pH and electrical conductivity of the water samples were measured in the field using portable water analysis kit. The cations and anions of the groundwater samples were analysed using standard methods (Ramteke and Moghe,1986, Trivedi and Goel, 1986, APHA 1998, Mishra et al. 2012; Tripathi et al. 2012). Total dissolved solids (TDS) was calculated by multiplying 0.6 HCO 3 plus other cations and anions. Studies of Hydrogeochemical in Groundwater Quality around Chakghat Area, Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India