The Sexual Compulsivity Scale: Further Development and Use With HIV-Positive Persons Seth C. Kalichman and David Rompa Center for AIDS Intervention Research Medical College of Wisconsin We examined the reliability and validity of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale for use in assessing HIV-positive men and women. Measures collected from 287 men and women recruited from the community, the majority of whom were African American and over the age of 30, showed that the Sexual Compulsivity Scale was reliable for men (α = .89) and women (α = .92). Correlations with measures of sexual behaviors and numbers of sex partners supported the concurrent validity of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale for men and women. Results of discriminant function analyses that included participant age, use of nonalcohol drugs, the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and scores on measures of trait anxiety, obsessive–compulsiveness, future pes- simism, cognitive depression, and borderline personality characteristics showed that sexual compulsivity clearly discriminated between persons with 1 or no sex partners and persons with multiple partners in the past 3 months, for both men and women, suggesting evidence for criterion-related validity. Associations between sexual compulsivity scores and other markers of psychopathology showed different patterns for men and women; sexual compulsivity was associated with indexes of psychopathology in men but not in women. We conclude that the Sexual Compulsivity Scale is reliable and valid in assessing men and women infected with HIV, although sexual compulsivity may present differently between genders in rela- tion to other forms of psychopathology. The assessment of personality and individual differences has made numerous con- tributions to health promotion and disease prevention, including but not limited to Type A personality constructs that predict heart disease (e.g., Labarthe, 1998), the relation between dispositional optimism and stress reactions (e.g., Taylor & Aspinwall, 1996), and the role of personality traits in the development of hyperten- JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT, 76(3), 379–395 Copyright © 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.