The Core Curriculum on Childhood Trauma:
A Tool for Training a Trauma-Informed Workforce
Christopher M. Layne
UCLA and Duke University National Center for Child
Traumatic Stress
Chandra Ghosh Ippen
University of California, San Francisco
Virginia Strand
Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service
Margaret Stuber
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Robert Abramovitz
Hunter College School of Social Work
Gilbert Reyes
Fielding Graduate University
Lisa Amaya Jackson
Duke University
Leslie Ross
Children’s Institute International
Amy Curtis
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Laura Lipscomb
Fielding Graduate University
Robert Pynoos
UCLA and Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress
Recognition of the nationwide high prevalence of psychological trauma in children and adolescents, combined
with increasing awareness of the far-reaching adverse consequences of childhood trauma, have led to calls to
develop a trauma-informed mental health workforce. We describe the initial pilot test of the Core Concepts
portion of the Core Curriculum on Childhood Trauma, as conducted in a large graduate school of social work.
The Core Curriculum uses detailed case vignettes of trauma-exposed youth and families, combined with
problem-based learning methods, to promote two primary learning aims: (a) to enhance the development of
foundational trauma-related conceptual knowledge, and (b) to accelerate the acquisition of trauma-informed
clinical reasoning and clinical judgment. Vignettes are presented in segments to simulate gathering, organiz-
ing, drawing meaning from, and making decisions based on information in professional practice. After each
segment, the facilitator helps learners to summarize relevant facts, develop hunches and hypotheses, identify
learning issues, and plan next steps. The Curriculum was very favorably received by students and was
associated with marked increases in self-efficacy in applying the Core Concepts to work with trauma-exposed
youth and families. We discuss ways in which the Curriculum can be used, especially as a foundation for
training in specific evidence-based treatment protocols, to help prepare a national mental health workforce
capable of implementing trauma-informed evidence-based practice.
Keywords: trauma, problem-based learning, clinical training, evidence-based practice, clinical reasoning
Despite society’s efforts to protect children from harm, many
young people undergo profoundly distressing life experiences that
powerfully affect their development and functioning. Ample evi-
dence documents that psychological trauma in child and adoles-
cent populations nationwide is commonplace and not “outside the
range of normal human experience.” For example, a 10-year
longitudinal study of a large representative youth sample revealed
that 68% reported exposure to at least one traumatic event by age
This article was published Online First August 29, 2011.
Christopher M. Layne and Robert Pynoos, National Center for Child Trau-
matic Stress and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA and
Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress; Chandra Ghosh
Ippen, Child Trauma Research Program, University of California, San Fran-
cisco; Virginia Strand, Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service;
Margaret Stuber and Amy Curtis, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA;
Robert Abramovitz, Hunter College School of Social Work; Gilbert Reyes,
Fielding Graduate University; Lisa Amaya Jackson, National Center for Child
Traumatic Stress and Duke University Medical Center, Duke University;
Leslie Ross, Children’s Institute Incorporated; Laura Lipscomb, School of
Psychology, Fielding Graduate University.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Christo-
pher M. Layne, PhD., UCLA/Duke University, National Center for Child
Traumatic Stress, 11150 West Olympic Boulevard, Suite 650, Los Ange-
les, CA 90064. E-mail: CMLayne@mednet.ucla.edu
Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy © 2011 American Psychological Association
2011, Vol. 3, No. 3, 243–252 1942-9681/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0025039
243