The influence of nanostructured materials on biointerfacial interactions ☆ Peter Koegler a, c, d , Andrew Clayton b, c , Helmut Thissen d , Gil Nonato C. Santos e , Peter Kingshott a, c, ⁎ a Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia b Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia c Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia d CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia e De La Salle University, Physics Department, 2401 Taft Ave. Manila 1004, Philippines abstract article info Article history: Received 14 May 2012 Accepted 7 June 2012 Available online xxxx Keywords: Protein adsorption Cell adhesion Toxicology Chemical surface modification Nanofabrication Protein conformation Nanoparticle Control over biointerfacial interactions in vitro and in vivo is the key to many biomedical applications: from cell culture and diagnostic tools to drug delivery, biomaterials and regenerative medicine. The increasing use of nanostructured materials is placing a greater demand on improving our understanding of how these new materials influence biointerfacial interactions, including protein adsorption and subsequent cellular responses. A range of nanoscale material properties influence these interactions, and material toxicity. The ability to manipulate both material nanochemistry and nanotopography remains challenging in its own right, however, a more in-depth knowledge of the subsequent biological responses to these new materials must occur simultaneously if they are ever to be affective in the clinic. We highlight some of the key technol- ogies used for fabrication of nanostructured materials, examine how nanostructured materials influence the behavior of proteins and cells at surfaces and provide details of important analytical techniques used in this context. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2. Protein adsorption on the nanoscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2.1. Protein adsorption on nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2.2. Protein adsorption on nanostructured materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 3. Cell responses to surface nanostructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4. Techniques to determine protein adsorption and conformation on surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4.1. Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4.2. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4.3. Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (LSPR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4.4. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 5. Nanofabrication of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 5.1. Microcontact printing (μCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 5.2. Scanning probe lithography (SPL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 5.3. Colloidal lithography (CL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Abbreviations: AFFF, asymmetric-flow field flow fraction; ATR-FTIR, attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy; BAECs, bovine aortic endothelial cells; BCEp, bovine corneal epithelial cells; BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein 2; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CD, circular dichroism; CL, colloidal lithography; DLS, dynamic light scattering; DPN, dip-pen nanolithography; ECM, extra-cellular matrix; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ES-DMA, electrospray-differential mobility analysis; FBGC, foreign body giant cells; HCAI, human carbonic anhydrase I; HSA, human serum albumin; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta; LSPR, localized surface plasmon resonance; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; OPN, osteopontin; PCA, principal component analysis; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); PEGMA, poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate); PDMS, poly(dimethylsiloxane); PEO, poly(ethylene oxide); PLA, poly(L-lactic acid); SAM, self‐assembled monolayer; SC, subtilisin Carlsberg; SERS, surface-enhanced Raman scattering/spectroscopy; SPL, scanning probe lithography; SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotubes; TIRF, total-internal reflection fluorescence; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; ToF-SIMS, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry; UV, ultra-violet; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ☆ This review is part of the Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews theme issue on “Immunotoxicity derived from manipulating leukocytes with lipid-based nanoparticles”. ⁎ Corresponding author at: Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 9214 5033; fax: +61 3 9214 5050. E-mail address: pkingshott@swin.edu.au (P. Kingshott). ADR-12312; No of Pages 20 0169-409X/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.001 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/addr Please cite this article as: P. Koegler, et al., The influence of nanostructured materials on biointerfacial interactions, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2012), doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.001