 &ROODERUDWLRQ3ODWIRUPVIRU9LUWXDO6WXGHQW&RPPXQLWLHV &RS\ULJKW,(((3XEOLVKHGLQWKH3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH +DZDLL,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH2Q6\VWHP6FLHQFHV-DQXDU\%LJ,VODQG+DZDLL 3HWUD6FKXEHUW ,$%±,QVWLWXWHIRU%XVLQHVV(FRQRPLFV )+%%±8QLYHUVLW\RI$SSOLHG6FLHQFHV%DVHO SHWUDVFKXEHUW#IKEEFK 0LFKDHO.RFK 'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH 7HFKQLVFKH8QLYHUVLWlW0QFKHQ0XQLFK*HUPDQ\ NRFKP#LQWXPGH $EVWUDFW 6LQFHLWVLQFHSWLRQWKH,QWHUQHWKDVVHUYHGDVDYLUWXDO PHHWLQJSODFHIRUSHRSOHVKDULQJFRPPRQLQWHUHVWV7KHVH HOHFWURQLFDOO\ VXSSRUWHG LQWHUHVW JURXSV DUH QRZDGD\V FDOOHG 9LUWXDO &RPPXQLWLHV 1HWZRUNHG FRPSXWHUV DUH XVHGWRVXSSRUWGLUHFWFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGLQGLUHFWLQIRU PDWLRQH[FKDQJHDQGWRSURYLGHDZDUHQHVVDQGPDWFK PDNLQJVHUYLFHV7KHXVHRIPHPEHUSURILOHVDGGVDQHZ GLPHQVLRQ WR WKH VXSSRUW RI WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ FRPPXQLW\PHPEHUV,QIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHPHPEHUVLV QHHGHGWRLQWURGXFHWKHPHPEHUVWRHDFKRWKHUDQGWR HPSRZHULQGLYLGXDOL]HGVHUYLFHV7KHSDSHUGHVFULEHVWKH UHVHDUFKGHVLJQRIWZRHPSLULFDOSODWIRUPSURMHFWVRQHRI WKHPFDUULHGRXWLQ*HUPDQ\WKHRWKHURQHLQ*HUPDQ VSHDNLQJ6ZLW]HUODQG%RWKSURMHFWVDUHWDUJHWHGDWVWX GHQWVDQGWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHQHHGVIRULQIRUPDWLRQLQWHUDF WLRQDQGH[FKDQJH  ,QWURGXFWLRQ 6HYHUDO W\SHV RI DSSOLFDWLRQV DGYHUWLVH ³FRPPXQLW\ VXSSRUW´RU³FROODERUDWLRQVXSSRUW´IHDWXUHV8VLQJWKLV ODEHO:HESODWIRUPVDQGHOHFWURQLFFRPPHUFHV\VWHPVDUH HTXLSSHGZLWKDQQRWDWLRQIXQFWLRQDOLW\DQGYDULRXVFRP PXQLFDWLRQ IHDWXUHV ,Q JHQHUDO FRPPXQLW\ VXSSRUW LQ FOXGHVDOOPHWKRGVIRUVXSSRUWLQJFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGFR RUGLQDWLRQLQDJURXSRISHRSOH,WLQFOXGHVVXSSRUWIRU GLUHFW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ VXSSRUW IRU LQGLUHFW LQIRUPDWLRQ H[FKDQJHDQGVXSSRUWIRUDZDUHQHVVDQGPDWFKPDNLQJ &RPPXQLW\VXSSRUWLVFORVHO\UHODWHGWRWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ DUHDVRINQRZOHGJHPDQDJHPHQWXVHUUHODWLRQVKLSPDQ DJHPHQWDQGFKDQJHPDQDJHPHQWVLQFHWKHVHDOVRGHDO PDLQO\ZLWKWKHVXSSRUWIRUFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQDORRVHO\ FRXSOHGJURXSRISHRSOH &RPPXQLW\VXSSRUWSODWIRUPVDUHLQXVHLQVHYHUDOGLI IHUHQWDSSOLFDWLRQDUHDV2QHH[DPSOHDUHSODWIRUPVVXS SRUWLQJXVHUFRPPXQLWLHVZKLFKSRROWKHLUNQRZOHGJHDQG WKHLUSURILOHVIRUFRPPXQDOXVHDQGUHQGHUHFRQRPLHVRI VFDOHHIIHFWLYHLQDQHZZD\>6FKXEHUW@,QWKHXQL YHUVLW\GRPDLQZHILQGFRPPXQLWLHVRIVWXGHQWVHJVWX GHQWVDWWHQGLQJDMRLQWFODVVFRPPXQLWLHVRIHPSOR\HHV WKHVWDIIRIRQHGHSDUWPHQWRUWKHDOXPQLQHWZRUN7KHVH FRPPXQLWLHV FDQ SURILW IURP ,QWHUQHW WHFKQRORJ\ DV D FRPPXQLFDWLRQPHGLXP,QDGGLWLRQWRVXSSRUWLQJH[LVWLQJ FRPPXQLWLHV LW LV DOVR SRVVLEOH WKDW QHZ FRPPXQLWLHV HPHUJHRQHOHFWURQLFSODWIRUPVHJWKHDOXPQLRIDGH SDUWPHQWWKDWGRHVQRWSURYLGHDVSHFLDODOXPQLSURJUDPRU DOXPQLUHXQLRQV±DVLVWKHFDVHLQVRPH(XURSHDQXQLYHU VLWLHV ,QWKHFRQWH[WRIFROODERUDWLRQSODWIRUPVWKHXVHRI PHPEHUSURILOHVDGGVDQHZGLPHQVLRQWRWKHVXSSRUWRI WKHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQFRPPXQLW\PHPEHUV,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXWWKHPHPEHUVHPSRZHUVLQGLYLGXDOL]HGVHUYLFHV 7KHSDSHUGHVFULEHVWKHUHVHDUFKGHVLJQRIWZRHPSLUL FDOSODWIRUPSURMHFWVRQHRIWKHPFDUULHGRXWLQ*HUPDQ\ WKHRWKHURQHLQ*HUPDQVSHDNLQJ6ZLW]HUODQG%RWKSUR MHFWVDUHWDUJHWHGDWVWXGHQWVDQGWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHQHHGVIRU LQIRUPDWLRQLQWHUDFWLRQDQGH[FKDQJH7KHSDSHUJLYHVDQ RYHUYLHZRIWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIHOHFWURQLFSODWIRUPVLQWKH VWXGHQWGRPDLQZLWKDVSHFLDOIRFXVRQSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\WKHXVHRIPHPEHUSURILOHV 7KHLQWURGXFWRU\FKDSWHUSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRI9LU WXDO&RPPXQLWLHVDQGFROODERUDWLRQSODWIRUPV&KDSWHU 7KHIROORZLQJ&KDSWHUGHVFULEHVWKHWZRFRPPXQLW\SUR MHFWVDQGKLJKOLJKWVWKHDFTXLVLWLRQDQGXVHRIXVHUSURILOHV LQWKHVHSURMHFWV&KDSWHU,Q&KDSWHUZHLQWURGXFHD V\VWHPDWLFDSSURDFKWRZDUGVSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQ:HILUVWORRN DWWKHSUHUHTXLVLWHVIRUSHUVRQDOL]DWLRQ6HFWLRQDQG WKHSRWHQWLDOVIRULWVDSSOLFDWLRQ6HFWLRQ:HWKHQ SUHVHQWWKHIRXUVWHSVRIWKHXVHUSURILOHOLIHF\FOH6HFWLRQ