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Category: Artiicial Intelligence
INTRODUCTION
The article presents an approach to optimize the multicast
transport protocols. The main constraint of this procedure
is the orthogonality (linear independence) of protocol
parameters. Protocol parameters are variables deined for
protocol classes, where the possible values of each parameter
are protocol mechanisms, which serve the same goal in the
multicast transport protocol. A multi-dimensional hyperspace
of protocol parameters is stated, as a mathematical model
of the optimization process where every transport protocol
is represented as an individual point. A multicast transport
Simulator for multiCast (SimCast) has been developed to
describe the performance of the transport protocols and to
simulate the operation of these protocols for reliable multi-
casting. The simulator supports the protocol analysis in the
hyperspace of protocol parameters.
BACKGROUND
Reliability is one of the most important features of all mul-
timedia applications. This requirement may be especially
critical in case of multicast, where the timely correction or
resending of lost data is even more dificult because of the
large volume of data to be transferred. Multimedia applica-
tions make multicast an active area of research. Multicast-
ing is the one-to-many group communication way. For this
purpose the IP-multicast transport is the preferred mechanism
(Hosszú, 2005).
Since most of the multicast applications are media-related
software, for example, media conference, voice distribution,
shared whiteboard, and various collaborative media tools,
they need more reliability than the best-effort delivery of
Internet protocol (Adamson & Macker, 2001; Luby, & Goyal,
2004). In order to increase the reliability of multicast ap-
plications additional multicast transport protocols are used
to achieve the required level of reliability (Whetten & Tas-
kale, 2000). Such a protocol is the NORM: NACK-Oriented
Reliable Multicast Protocol (Adamson, Bormann, Handley
& Macker, 2004a, 2004b).
It is hard to compare the various protocol mechanisms
implemented in different protocols. Therefore, the modularly
structured simulator SimCast (Simulator for multiCast) is
developed for trafic analysis of unicast (one-to-one) and
multicast (one-to-many) streams (Orosz & Tegze, 2001). To
carry out the necessary analysis of the unicast and multicast
trafic, a well usable simulation program should be applied
in order to present statistically correct results for multicast
data transfer. The reason of developing a new, custom simula-
tor instead of using a standard framework like ns (Breslau,
Estrin, Fall, Floyd, Heidemann, Helmy, Huang, McCanne,
Varadhan, Xu, and Yu, 2000) is that the architecture of the
SimCast simulator is optimized for transport layer model-
ing and, due to its modular design, it is relatively easy to
integrate new protocol mechanisms in it.
DECOMPOSITION OF THE MULTICAST
TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS
Multicast transport protocols have many different proper-
ties for data delivery. These attributes can be represented
by the previously mentioned protocol parameters (Hosszú,
2005). Each protocol parameter speciies different reliability
mechanisms for the same delivery attribute. Such a protocol
parameter is, for instance, the repair method, which can have
the values like “retransmission”, “forward-error correction”,
“interleaving”, or different ways of “local receiver-based
repairs” (Luby & Vicisano, 2004). Another parameter is the
An Approach to Optimize Multicast Transport
Protocols
Dávid Tegze
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
Mihály Orosz
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
Gábor Hosszú
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
Ferenc Kovács
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
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