The American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802), was introduced in several countries to serve as a human food source, being created in frog farms (Bury and Whelan, 1984; Giovanelli, Haddad and Alexandrino, 2007). It reaches a big size (more than 200 mm snout-vent length), and it is well known as a generalist predator, including small vertebrates in its diet (Bury and Whelan, 1984). These features, together with its high fecundity and environmental plasticity, allowed this frog to establish invasive populations near those farms, and subsequently to spread itself to other areas of those countries (Hammerson, 1982; Bury and Whelan, 1984; Kats and Ferrer, 2003; Giovanelli, Haddad and Alexandrino, 2007; Kaefer, Boelter and Cechin, 2007). Currently, the introduction of the American Bullfrog in natural environments is a worldwide concern because of evidences that it can cause the population decline of native species, notably other amphibians, after its establishment (Hayes and Jennings, 1986; Werner, Wellborn and McPeek, 1995; Kats and Ferrer, 2003; Pearl et al., 2004; Boelter and Cechin, 2007). Predation on natives, competition among tadpoles and/or adults, and probably pathogen transmissions have been suggested as causes of the decline of native population by the American Bullfrog (Werner, Wellborn and McPeek, 1995; Lawler et al., 1999; Kiesecker, Blaustein and Miller, 2001; Kats and Ferrer, 2003; Hanselmann et al., 2004; Pearl et al., 2004; Garner et al., 2006; Boelter and Cechin, 2007; Toledo, Ribeiro and Haddad, 2007). Thus, the American Bullfrog has been considered as one of the world’s worst invasive species (Lowe et al., 2000). In Brazil the American Bullfrog was introduced in the 1930’s, and currently invasive populations are reported in several states, especially in South and Southeast regions, in areas originally covered by the Atlantic Rainforest Domain (Giovanelli, Haddad and Alexandrino, 2007). Despite of recent studies and notes on its diet, reproductive activity, and on its effects on native anurans (Batista, 2002; Boelter and Cechin, 2007; Kaefer, Boelter and Cechin, 2007; Reis et al., Herpetology Notes, volume 2: 215-218 (2009) (published online on 22 November 2009) Predation on juveniles of the invasive American Bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura, Ranidae) by native frog and snake species in South-eastern Brazil Emanuel Teixeira da Silva *1,2 , and Oswaldo Pinto Ribeiro Filho 2 1 Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Vila Gianetti 32, Univer- sidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP: 36570-000, Brazil. e-mail: etsbio@yahoo.com.br 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departa- mento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. * corresponding author Abstract. Herein we report two occurrences of predation on juveniles of the invasive Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, by native anuran and reptile predators in southeast Brazil. The irst predator was the frog Leptodactylus ocellatus, and the second one was the water snake Liophis miliaris, both common species known to feed on anurans. These are the irst records of predation on this invasive species in Brazil. Keywords. Biological invasion, predation, exotic prey, native predators. Figure 1. A female Leptodactylus ocellatus (MZUFV 8986) attempting to ingest a juvenile Lithobates catesbeianus (MZUFV 8987). Photo by E. T. da Silva.