Long Distance Dependencies and Island Constraints Introduction to HPSG Class 3: Long Distance Dependencies and Island Constraints Stefan M¨ uller Ivan A. Sag Theoretical Linguistics/Computational Linguistics Linguistics & CSLI Fachbereich 10 Stanford University Universit¨at Bremen Stefan.Mueller@cl.uni-bremen.de sag at csli dot stanford dot edu July 4, 2007 Long Distance Dependencies and Island Constraints Topicalization and Other Unbounded Dependencies The Topicalization Construction (1) a. [NP That book], I should [VP purchase ]. b. * I should purchase . c. * [That book], I should purchase some new skis. c Stefan M¨uller & Ivan A. Sag 2007, CL, FB 10, Universit¨at Bremen & Linguistics & CSLI, Stanford University 1/38 Long Distance Dependencies and Island Constraints Topicalization and Other Unbounded Dependencies Other Unbounded Dependency Constructions – I • Adverb Preposing: [On Tuesday], (I think) you can go to the store . • Negative Adverb Preposing: [Never] did they drink wine . • Though-Fronting: [Happy] though she may appear to be , she .... • As-Fronting: [As happy] as they might appear to be , nonetheless . . . • Comparative Conditionals: The more you smoke , the less you feel the pain . • It-Clefts: It was [[Sandy] that Kim wanted to visit ]. • WH-Clefts: [[What] Kim wanted to visit most] was the Taj Mahal. c Stefan M¨uller & Ivan A. Sag 2007, CL, FB 10, Universit¨at Bremen & Linguistics & CSLI, Stanford University 2/38 Long Distance Dependencies and Island Constraints Topicalization and Other Unbounded Dependencies Other Unbounded Dependency Constructions – II • Tough-‘Movement’: Bagels are hard to digest . • Comparative ‘Deletion’: Sandy ate more bagels than they thought Kim had eaten . • WH-Relatives: the book [[in which] you’ll find the answer ] the book [[which] will provide the answer] • WH-Interrogatives: [Who(se books)] do you think Sandy likes best? I know [who(se books)] you claimed Sandy had liked best. [How happy] do you think Sandy will be ? • WH-Exclamatives: [What slobs] Robin and his merry men turned out to be ! [What a bunch of con men] you’ve brought home for dinner! [How harshly] you treat your servitors ! c Stefan M¨uller & Ivan A. Sag 2007, CL, FB 10, Universit¨at Bremen & Linguistics & CSLI, Stanford University 3/38