Design and Electrothermal analysis of MEMS
based Microheater Array for Gas Sensor using
INVAR alloy
1 * 2 2
S.S.Mondal , S.Roy , C.K.Sarkar
I Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata- 700032,
India
2
IC Design and Fabrication Center, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,
Jadavpur University, Kolkata- 700032, India
* Corresponding author: Tel.: +913324146217
*E-mail: subrata.3010mail.com
Abstract - Most of the microheaters, which are
used to elevate the temperature of gas sensor,
integrated with the design of either platinum,
nichrome or polysilicon as heater element suitable
for high temperature (400-700
°
C) regime. This
paper describes the structural design and
electrothermal analysis of a microheater array to
ind out the thermal characteristic with different
bias voltages. The standard meander shaped
microheater was designed using a Fe, Ni, Co alloy
(Invar) having lower thermal expansion
coeicient (-3xl0-
6
/ 0c) and thermal conductivity
(-10.4W/M-K) and high resistivity (-80xl0-
8
Qm).
The array consists of four unit cell, each of 3mm x
3mm of dimension with a membrane size of 1.5
mm x 1.5 mm. This device has the unique
advantage of making the microheater and
interdigitated electrode co-planner using a single
lithography process. The maximum temperature
of -212
°
C was achieved with 4.5V excitation with
lower power consumption of -90mW. Invar alloy
offered very good temperature uniformity in the
active region with tolerance of -1 %.
Keywords- MEMS, INVAR Alloy,
Thermal expansion coeicient, Coplanar.
I. INRODUCTION
Microheater array is the generic structure of
different numbers of heater combined and it can be
designed to detect the individual gases from a
mixture of true gases by coating with different
sensing ilms at a certain time with its different
sensor block devices [1,2]. The sensing ilms are
generally oxide or metal oxide compositions and
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468
allow for the determination of information about the
ambient gases [3,4]. The required temperature for the
gas sensor is generally (-ISO-300°C) as these
temperatures provoke many factors related to the
sensing ilm generally semiconducting metal oxides
(ZnO,Sn02 etc.) and plays a signiicant role in
determining the response to the target gases like CH4,
CO, N02 etc.[5-7]. Microheaters generate optimum
operating temperature for different semiconducting
metal oxides. So microheater array is more suitable
than a single microheater for gas sensor devices.
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)
based integrated gas sensors provide several
advantages for applications such as array fabrication,
small size, and unique thermal manipulation
capabilities, uniform heating throughout the active
area [8] . Roy et.al.[9] has already discussed
elaborately the signiicance of co-planar structure
with microheater and IDE produced by a single
lithographic step on micromachined silicon substrates
using a novel nickel alloy DilverP1 with its
advantages over other heating elements. The larger
coeicient of thermal expansion (CTE) may have
contributed to the deformation of the microheater
shape during temperature rise. Moreover the lower
thermal conductivity enhances the coninement of the
temperature within the active region supporting low
power consumption. Keeping these in mind Invar
alloy has been proposed in this paper as a
microheater as well as electrode element ment with
lower CTE, young modulus, lower thermal
conductivity and micro yield strength [10] and
presented as the meander shaped microheater as well
as electrode element for micromachined metal oxide
based gas sensor devices. IDE supports the increased
sensitivity of the sensing ilm by utilizing the
maximum sensing area.