International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, May 2012.
©IJAET ISSN: 2231-1963
446 Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 446-455
IMPROVED BILATERAL CONTRACT APPROACH TO MULTI-
AREA UNIT COMMITMENT IN DEREGULATED ELECTRICITY
MARKET
K.Venkatean
1
and C. Christober Asir Rajan
2
1
Research Scholar, Deptt. of Electrical Engg., J.N.T.U. Anantapur, Anantapur, A.P, India.
2
Associate Professor, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new improved bilateral contract approach to solve multi-area unit commitment problem
(MAUC) in deregulated electricity market. The objective of this paper proposes an improved bilateral contract
approach, which includes call and put options, forward contracts, and reliability must-run contract into multi-
area unit commitment in deregulated environment. Evolutionary Programming-Sequential Combination (EP-
SC) method is used to solve Multi-Area Unit Commitment Problem (MAUCP) subjected to variety of constraints
and Lamda iteration method is used to solve Multi-Area Economic Dispatch Problem (MAEDP). In this, the
objective of MAUCP is to determine the optimal generation scheduling of generating companies which are
connected by tie-lines and MAEDP is to find optimal power exchange between areas as to minimize the total
production cost. The tie-line transfer limits were considered as a set of constraints during optimization process
to ensure system security and reliability. The overall algorithm can be implemented on an IBM PC, which can
process a fairly large system in a reasonable period of time. Case study of four areas with different load
pattern each containing 26 units connected via tie-lines has been taken for analysis. Experimental results
shows that the application of this proposed method have potential to solve MAUC problem in deregulated
electricity market with lesser computation time, reliable and computationally efficient.
KEYWORDS: Bilateral contract, Evolutionary Programming, Sequential combination, Multi-Area Unit
Commitment, Multi-Area Economic Dispatch
I. INTRODUCTION
An important goal behind the restructuring of the electricity industry is to bring more choice in the
way individual loads supply their needs, permitting them to buy either from a centralized spot market
or directly from generators or marketers through pre-arranged bilateral contracts. These are typically
of longer duration and tend to offer financial stability to generators and lower prices to loads when
compared with the more volatile pool market prices. They can be of two types: financial hedging
agreements [1-2] or physical transactions directly affecting the generation and demand levels [3],
[4].In the competitive environment, customers request for high service reliability and lower electricity
prices, while generation companies (GENCOS) have to make their own profits. Thus, it is important
to maximize own profit with high reliability and minimize overall operating costs and meet demand
contracts while satisfying relevant generation constraints and network constraints with respect to
financial hedging contracts.
The Multi-Area Unit Commitment Problem (MAUCP) is a constrained optimization problem in
which optimal turn-on and turn-off schedules need to be determined over a given time horizon for a
group of power generation units under some operational constraints [5,6].The objective is to minimize
the power generation costs while meeting the hourly forecasted power demands. The UCP is an
important area of research which has attracted increasing interest from the scientific community due
to the fact that even small savings in the operation costs for each hour can lead to major overall
economic savings. In the economic dispatch problem, for each hour, the power outputs for the units