129
JBiopest, 5 (Supplementary): 129-134 (2012)
129
© JBiopest. 294
Biocidal activity of two marine green algal extracts against third instar
nymph of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
A. Asha, J. Martin Rathi
1
, D. Patric Raja
2
and K. Sahayaraj*
ABSTRACT
Seaweeds are the extraordinary sustainable resources in marine ecosystem which have been used traditionally
as source of food, feed and medicine. The biological effects of thallium Hexane (HE), Chloroform (CH), Methanol
(ME) and Water (AQ) extract of Ulva fasciata Delile (UF) and Ulva lactuca Linnaeus (UL) were tested against
Dysdercus cingulatus (Fab.) third instar nymphs at different concentrations (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm).
Tested green algae caused dose dependent mortality. The ME of UF (LC
50
= 313.59 ppm) and UL (LC
50
= 399.27
ppm) shows more nymphicidal activity at 96 hrs. It is concluded that methanol extract of both UF and UL
possesses nymphicidal, antiovipositional activity, reduced fecundity, hatchability, adult longevity and relative
growth rate. However, more detailed studies are essential before recommending them for pest management
programme.
Key words: Cotton pest management, Dysdercus cingulatus, nymphicidal activity, ovipositional activity, seaweeds, Ulva
fasciata, Ulva lactuca
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, yield of cotton has become static rather it is
declining due to the infestation of insect pests and diseases.
Nearly 162 species of insect pests cause low yield of cotton
production. The sucking pests of cotton includes cotton
stainer, jassids, aphids, white flies and thrips (Uthamasamy
et al ., 2004).The red cotton bug or cotton stainer Dysdercus
cingulatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is considered
as a serious pest of cotton (Waterhouse, 1998; Tanu Sharma
et al ., 2010). It infests the cotton from young stage still
harvest. This pest causes serious damage by sucking the
developing cotton bolls and ripe cotton seeds and
transmitting fungi that develops in the immature lint and seeds
(Fuseini and Kumar, 1975; Yasuda, 1992). Dysdercus
cingulatus is difficult to control by insecticidal application
because they are highly mobile and have many alternative
wild hosts belonging to Malvaceae (Iwata, 1975; Kohno and
Ngan, 2004).The marine algae are the renewable living
resources which are rich source of structurally important
novel and biologically active metabolites. Marine algae have
been shown to have bactericidal (Febles et al ., 1995; Del et
al ., 2001; Ely et al ., 2004 and Cordeiro et al ., 2006), fungicidal
(Rajesh et al ., 2011) and insecticidal activities (Biju et al.,
2004; Cetin et al., 2010; Sahayaraj and Kalidas, 2011; Sahayaraj
and Mary Jeeva, 2012). Further more, seaweed extracts offer
a novel approach to pest management (Manilal et al ., 2009;
Rajesh et al ., 2011; Sahayaraj and Kalidas, 2011; Sahayaraj
and Mary Jeeva, 2012).Ulva fasciata Delile is a marine
macroalga, which grows abundantly in the coastal waters of
South India.Ulva fasciata and Ulva lactuca have been reported
to possess antioxidant and antibacterial properties (Beach et
al., 1995; Rouxel et al ., 2001). The previous reports do not
show much information regarding insecticidal activity of
seaweed extracts against D. cingulatus. The present reports
deals with the bioefficacy of U. fasciata and U. lactuca on
biological insecticidal, fecundity, hatchability, adult longevity
and relative growth rate (RGR) of D. cingulatus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection, extraction and preparation of seaweed extract
The algae Ulva fasciata and Ulva lactuca were collected by
hand picking method from the submerged marine rocks at
Idinthakarai (N 08Ú10’ 32.3"; E 077’ 44’31.3") Kuthenkuzhi (N
08’10’32.3"; E 077’46’58.4") and Tuticorin (N 08’46’32.1"; E
078’11’56.5"), Tamil Nadu, India from June to December, 2010.
The seaweeds were washed thoroughly thrice with tap water
and once with sterile distilled water to remove salt, sand and
epiphytes. Shade dried for two weeks and partially powered
using domestic blender (Preethi XL-7, Maya Appliances (P)
Ltd. Madras). For extraction, 500 gm of powdered algal material
was extracted by Soxhlation method using polar (methanol-
ME, water- AQ) and non-polar (chloroform- CH, hexane- HE)
Biocidal activity of marine algae