International Science conference 4 th - 5 th June 2009, Stara Zagora, BULGARIA "Economics and Society development on the Base of Knowledge" Volume VI 177 Social studies. Theology. ɂɄɈɇɈȽɊȺɎɂəɌȺ ɇȺ ɋȼ. ɉɊȿɉ. ɆȺɊɂə ȿȽɂɉȿɌɋɄȺ – ɂɁɈȻɊȺɁɂɌȿɅɇɂ ɂ ɄɍɅɌɍɊɇɂ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ Ɋɨɫɬɢɫɥɚɜɚ Ƚ. Ɍɨɞɨɪɨɜɚ ШУ „Еɩиɫɤɨɩ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬиɧ ɉɪɟɫɥɚɜɫɤи”, ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝичɟɫɤи ɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬ, ɭɥ. „Уɧиɜɟɪɫиɬɟɬɫɤɚ” 115, Шɭɦɟɧ 9700, ȻЪɅГȺɊИə, e-mail: rostislava@shu-bg.net ICONOGRAPHY OF ST. MARY OF EGYPT - REPRESENTATIONAL AND CULTURAL PATTERNS Rostislava G. Todorova Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Education, 115 Universitetska Str., Shumen 9700, BULGARIA, e-mail: pr@shu-bg.net ABSTRACT The paper aims to present in broad outline the iconography of St. Reverend Mary of Egypt. The Hagiographical sources of information about the life and spiritual exploit of St. Mary will be discussed, as a basis for developing the Eastern and Western iconography of her. Formation and developing of the main iconographical patterns, used for depicting St. Mary will be traced out. Moreover, their influence upon the Eastern and Western cultural traditions will be elucidated in brief. Key words: St. Mary of Egypt, East Orthodox Iconography, Iconographical patterns I. Ⱥɝɢɨɝɪɚɮɫɤɢ ɢɡɬɨɱɧɢɰɢ ɡɚ ɫɜ. ɩɪɟɩ. Ɇɚɪɢя ȿɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚ. ɋɜ. ɩɪɟɩ. Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚ ɟ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɹɪɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɢ ɫɴɫ ɫɜɨɢɬɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɡɢ. ɐɴɪɤɨɜɧɚɬɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɱɢɬ ɤɴɦ ɧɟɹ, ɤɚɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɟɞɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɣ- ɫɢɥɧɢɬɟ ɡɚɫɬɴɩɧɢɰɢ ɡɚ ɤɚɟɳɢɬɟ ɫɟ ɡɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɜɟɬɟ ɫɢ ɯɨɪɚ. ɋɜ. Ɇɚɪɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɳɢɬɟ ɫɟ ɤɴɦ ɰɟɥɨɦɴɞɪɢɟ, ɩɨɞɩɨɦɚɝɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɬɚ ɛɨɪɛɚ ɫ ɩɥɴɬɫɤɢɬɟ ɢɡɤɭɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɹɪɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɢɡɦɨɥɜɚɬ ɨɬ ɧɟɹ ɢɡɰɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɟɫɬɢ (ɬɪɟɫɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɠɧɢ ɛɨɥɟɫɬɢ). (Lopez-Ginisty, 1997, 46) ɉɚɦɟɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɩ. Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚ ɫɟ ɨɬɛɟɥɹɡɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɜ. ɉɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɚ ɐɴɪɤɜɚ ɞɜɚ ɩɴɬɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɢɧɚɬɚ: ɧɚ 1 ɚɩɪɢɥ, ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɣɧɚɬɚ ɫɦɴɪɬ ɜ Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɚ († 1 ɚɩɪɢɥ 522 ɝ.ɫɥ.Ɋ.ɏɪ.) ɢ ɧɚ ɉɟɬɚɬɚ ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɨɬ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɹ ɩɨɫɬ, ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɨɬɞɚɜɚ ɩɨɱɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɛɨɪɛɚɬɚ ɫ ɝɪɟɯɨɜɟɬɟ. Ɋɢɦɨɤɚɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɐɴɪɤɜɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɹɡɜɚ ɩɚɦɟɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɜ. Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚ ɧɚ 3 ɚɩɪɢɥ (ɢɥɢ ɧɚ 2 ɚɩɪɢɥ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ “Martyrologium Romanum” ɧɚ ɩɚɩɚ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɣ XIII). ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧ ɟ ɮɚɤɬɴɬ, ɱɟ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɐɴɪɤɜɚ ɩɨɱɢɬɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɝɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɬɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɹ ɰɴɪɤɨɜɟɧ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɴɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɟɧ ɞɟɧ, ɜ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɟ ɨɬɞɚɜɚ ɩɨɱɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɚɦɟɬɬɚ ɣ. ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɬɚ, ɤɨɢɬɨ ɢɦɚɦɟ ɡɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɩ. Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚ, ɧɚɭɱɚɜɚɦɟ ɨɬ ɢɡɩɨɜɟɞɬɚ, ɤɨɹɬɨ ɬɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɟɞ ɫɬɚɪɟɰɚ Ɂɨɫɢɦɚ ɦɚɥɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɤɪɚɹ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɢɹ ɫɢ ɠɢɜɨɬ. (Жɢɬɢя ɧа ɫɜеɬɢɢɬе, 1991, 167-172) ɉɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɫɩɨɦɟɧɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɜ. Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚ ɧɚɦɢɪɚɦɟ ɜ ɠɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɜ. Ʉɢɪɢɚɤ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɡ VI ɜ.ɫɥ.Ɋ.ɏɪ. ɨɬ Ʉɢɪɢɥ ɨɬ ɋɤɢɬɨɩɨɥɢɫ. Ɍɭɤ ɫɬɚɪɟɰɴɬ Ɂɨɫɢɦɚ ɧɨɫɢ ɢɦɟɬɨ Ƀɨɚɧ, ɚ ɪɚɡɤɚɡɴɬ ɨɩɢɫɜɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɪɟɳɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɢɰɚɬɚ, ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɧɟɣɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ, ɤɨɹɬɨ ɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɠɢɜɟ ɡɚ ɭɛɟɠɢɳɟ. (Cyril of Scythopolis, /Eng. transl. R. M. Price/, 1991, 256-258) Ɉɤɨɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɟ ɩɨ- ɤɴɫɧɨ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɟ ɩɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ „Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɧɚ” (Pratum spirituale) ɧɚ ɫɢɪɢɣɫɤɢɹ ɦɨɧɚɯ Johannes Moschus, ɤɨɣɬɨ ɨɩɢɫɜɚ ɧɟɧɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɠɟɧɚ - ɦɨɧɚɯɢɧɹ ɨɬ Ƀɟɪɭɫɚɥɢɦ, ɠɢɜɟɟɳɚ ɨɬ ɫɟɞɟɦɧɚɞɟɫɟɬ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɢɧɹɬɚ. (John Moschus, /Eng. transl. J. Wortle/, 1992, 148-149) ɇɨ ɧɚɣ-ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɬɨ ɢ ɞɴɥɝɨ ɠɢɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜ. Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɚ ɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɡ VII ɜ.ɫɥ.Ɋ.ɏɪ., ɤɚɬɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢ ɧɚ ɫɜ. ɋɨɮɪɨɧɢɣ Ƀɟɪɭɫɚɥɢɦɫɤɢ. (Bibliotheca hagiographyca graeca, 80-82) ȼɴɩɪɟɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɨɜɟɬɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɠɢɬɢɟɬɨ, ɡɚ