Nigra Sum Sed Formosa:
Black Slaves and Exotica in the Court of a
Fourteenth-Century Aragonese Queen
1
Núria Silleras-Fernández
University of California-Santa Cruz
Abstract
African slaves of Europeans are most commonly associated with images of exploitation as
brute labor or domestic servants, as marginalized and discriminated against on the basis of
their skin color, and perceived of as of inherently lower status. An examination of the role
of black slaves in the royal households of the Crown of Aragon in the late Middle Ages and
early Renaissance, however, reveals that African captives were sometimes given a privileged
position at court. African slaves were esteemed as ornamental fixtures and, as such, com-
prised yet another element of the exotica with which members of the aristocratic elite sur-
rounded themselves in order to convey a sense of wealth and power. Although this may
represent yet another dimension of the objectification of these slaves, nevertheless, it reflects
the fact that, prior to the age of colonization and mass-enslavement, Africans could be
valued rather than disdained for their appearance.
Keywords
Queens-Spain–History; Queenship; Slavery–History; Spain–History; Exotic Animals–
History; Crown of Aragon (Spain)–History.
1
his article is a revised version of the paper “Black Slaves as Exotica in the Court of
María de Luna (1396-1406)” presented at the hirty-Fifth International Congress on
Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo (5 May 2000). I would like to acknowledge the generous
funding received from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia of Spain and from the Uni-
versitat Autònoma de Barcelona for supporting the journey to Kalamazoo and to express
my gratitude to Professors Brian A. Catlos and Sharon Kinoshita of the University of Cali-
fornia, Santa Cruz, for their advice in preparing this article. he present article was written
during the course of a two-year postdoctoral fellowship (2002-4) from the Secretaría de
Estado de Educación y Universidades of the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte,
which I held at the Center for Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
I would like to thank both of these institutions.
he following abbreviations are used: ACA for Arxiu de la Corona d’Aragó (Barcelona);
ARV for Arxiu del Regne de València (Valencia); C for Cancillería Real; RP for Real
Medieval Encounters 13 (2007) 546-565 www.brill.nl/me
Medieval
Jewish, Christian and Muslim Culture
Encounters
in Confluence and Dialogue
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2007 DOI: 10.1163/157006707X222777