Health & History, 2008. 10/1 39 Fantome Island Lock Hospital and Aboriginal Venereal Disease Sufferers 1928–45 Meg Parsons In this article the Queensland government’s response to suspected and confirmed cases of venereal disease amongst the state’s Aboriginal population is examined through the micro history of Fantome Island lock hospital, which operated between 1928 and 1945. This history offers an interesting case study into the complexities of medical and racial segregation in twentieth century Queensland. While other scholars have positioned Fantome Island lock hospital as a justifiable attempt to control syphilis and gonorrhoea infections amongst the Queensland Aboriginal population, I propose a different interpretation and argue that white perceptions of Aboriginal sexuality and health contributed to government depictions of an Aboriginal venereal disease ‘epidemic.’ I demonstrate that disease diagnosis was still highly problematic prior to World War II and was differentially applied across different sub-populations. In Queensland, from 1928 until 1945, Aboriginal people suspected of a venereal disease (VD) infection were banished to a place where they could be contained and controlled— that place was Fantome Island. 1 Located seventy kilometres northeast of Townsville, North Queensland, Fantome Island is part of the Palm Islands group. 2 The island served multiple functions during the twentieth century, with the Queensland government using Fantome as an Aboriginal lock hospital, quarantine station, and later a leprosarium. In this article I will explore the establishment and operation of the first of these medical institutions, the Fantome Island lock hospital, which operated between 1928 and 1945. Although partly influenced