J Psycholinguist Res (2011) 40:155–176
DOI 10.1007/s10936-010-9161-z
Children’s Knowledge of the Quantifier Dou in Mandarin
Chinese
Peng Zhou · Stephen Crain
Published online: 9 November 2010
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010
Abstract The quantifier dou (roughly corresponding to English ‘all’) in Mandarin Chinese
has been the topic of much discussion in the theoretical literature. This study investigated
children’s knowledge of this quantifier using a new methodological technique, which we
dubbed the Question-Statement Task. Three questions were addressed: (i) whether young
Mandarin-speaking children know that dou is a universal quantifier that quantifies over the
elements to its left, (ii) whether they know that dou is an adverb of quantification (Q-adverb)
which can (unselectively) bind any variable in its domain, and (iii) whether they know that
dou can quantify over wh-words. The main finding was that, by age four, Mandarin-speaking
children have the relevant knowledge. The results reflect the early availability of adult-like
linguistic knowledge of dou-quantification.
Keywords Dou-quantification · Universal Quantifier · Wh-words · Child language ·
Mandarin chinese
Introduction
The quantifier dou (roughly corresponding to English ‘all’) in Mandarin Chinese has been
the topic of much discussion in the literature on theoretical linguistics. Its syntax and seman-
tics remain controversial. However, it is generally acknowledged that dou is a distributive
universal quantifier that binds expressions that precede it, and that dou is an adverb of quantifi-
cation (Q-adverb) which can (unselectively) bind multiple expressions, including wh-words.
This paper reports the findings of two experiments investigating Mandarin-speaking chil-
dren’s knowledge of this quantifier. Three issues were addressed in these experiments. One
is whether or not young Mandarin-speaking children know that dou is a universal quantifier.
The second issue is whether they know that dou is a Q-adverb. And the last one is whether
P. Zhou (B ) · S. Crain
Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
e-mail: peng.zhou@mq.edu.au
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