www.ijmit.com International Journal of Management & Information Technology
ISSN: 2278-5612 Volume 2, No 2, January, 2013
©
Council for Innovative Research 1 | Page
Using ICT to Enhance the Management of the Natural & Cultural
Heritage Resources of Old Oyo National Park for E-Tourism
Development
Oladeji Sunday Oladipo
1
, Olabode Olatubosun
2
, Iwasokun Gabriel Babatunde
2
1
Dept. Ecotourism and Wildlife Management,Federal University of Technology, Akure Nigeria.
2
Dept. Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper describes the conceptualization of Old Oyo National Park
seeking an intervention for improve collaboration and
communication internally across functional and departmental
boundaries through the use of ICT. Eighteen natural and cultural
heritage resources of ecotourism values were indentified in the Park,
in addition to the nine art and craft practiced in these communities
and eight annual cultural events. A detail assessment of the level of
development of the cultural and natural features in the Old Oyo
National Park was carried out based on the three component of
tourist destination, viz; attraction, amenities and accessibility. The
gridded map of the locations of these ecotourism features was also
presented. An e-tourism designed for the park has the basic
component of catalog of product, shopping cart, and check out,
payment gateway (payment processing network), customer account,
internet merchant account and business account. Customers can
browse the catalog of tourism product and shops cart it. The gateway
component accepts credit card details and sends to the payment
gateway for authorization on the premise of adequate security using
the SSL primitives. Funds are reserved into the customer account and
later transfer to merchant account, and then to the business account
of the park.
Keywords: Old Oyo National Park, tourism, culture, heritage, e-
commerce,
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of e-commerce in the tourism industry has emerged as a
frontier area for information technology. E-commerce as defined in
Turban, Lee, King & Chung, (2000); Bocij, Greasley and Hickie
(2008) is the process of buying and selling or exchanging products,
services and information via computer networks including the
Internet. Tourism and e-commerce consists primarily of the
distributing, buying, selling, marketing and servicing of products or
services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other
computer networks. It can sometimes involve electronic funds
transfer (Donal, Michael & Hitesh, 2001), supply chain management,
e-marketing, online marketing, online transaction processing,
electronic data interchange (EDI), automated inventory management
systems and automated data collection systems (Popescu Delia 2007).
It typically uses electronic communication technology such as the
Internet, extranet, e-mail, e-books, database, and mobile phones.
The emergence of the Internet as a tool for the business-to-consumer
aspect of e-commerce has far reaching ramifications. Most
importantly, it has created opportunities for businesses to reach out to
consumers in a very direct way and create electronic markets (Inge
M. Kloppiing & Earl McKinney 2004).
Generally as presented in Deepthi (2008), the revolution in ICTs has
profound implications for economic and social development. It has
pervaded every aspect of human life whether it is health, education,
economics, governance, entertainment etc. Dissemination,
propagation and accessibility of these technologies are viewed to be
integral to a country’s development strategy. The most important
benefit associated with the access to the new technologies is the
increase in the supply of information. Secondly it reduces the cost of
production. Thirdly it has overcome the constraints of distance and
geography and fourthly it has led to more transparency (Deepthi
2008). The government of Nigeria is poised at integrating ICTs to all
sectors and developmental activity. Tourism is one such potential
areas.
Tourism is now being considered as the World’s largest industry
Nigerian Tourism Development Master Plan, (NTDMP, 2006).
Besides export earnings, international tourism generates an
increasingly significant share of government (national and local) tax
revenues throughout the World. In addition, the development of
tourism as a whole is usually accompanied by considerable
investments in infrastructure such as airports, roads, water and
sewage facilities, telecommunications and other public utilities. Such
infrastructural improvements not only generate economic benefits to
tourists but can also contribute to improving the living conditions of
the local populations (Frederico, 2003). Old Oyo National Park like
any other National Park in the World is a protected area with
abundant natural resources of immensurable socio-economic, cultural
and ecological values. Most protected areas in Nigeria are endowed
with natural and cultural resources that if develop could support other
tourism activities such as the development of cultural tourism,
heritage tourism, cultural heritage tourism, creative tourism,
agrotourism, aquatourism and other ecological tourism activities
like game viewing, bird watching, Adventure/wilderness experience,
Sport fishing tourism (Ormsby and Mannle 2006).
However, these values may be elusive if handled or treated with
impunity, indiscriminate and non-challant attitude. It is recorded in
Oladeji et. al, (2011), that the ongoing effort at involving community
in the management of natural resources in protected areas will go a
long way towards achieving sustainable management of these
resources thus ensure maximum benefits derivable. These desirable
benefits could also be appreciated if information communication
technology (ICT) is employed in the management.
Many research scholars ( Ayodele 1988, Fadare 1989, Falade 1993,
Adeyemo, 1993, Afolayan et. al. 1996, Adetoro 2002 and Alarape
2001) had carried out studies on Old Oyo National Park since its
inception as Upper Ogun Game reserves and National Park in 1991.
The results findings had provided useful information on the
ecological resources of the Park. Passage of time therefore has made
it necessary for the appraisal, review, modification and update of
some of the management tools and data generated in line with the
current global practices in natural resources management and