Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 11 (2): 160-165, 2012
ISSN 1680-5194
© Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012
Corresponding Author: Shahzad Hussain, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
160
Development and Evaluation of Nutritionally Superior
Baked Products Containing Flaxseed
Shahzad Hussain , Faqir Muhammad Anjum , Masood Sadiq Butt ,
1 2 2
Mohammad Saleh Alamri and Muhammad Asim Shabbir
1 2
Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences,
1
King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Abstract: The unleavened flat breads were prepared from Whole Wheat Flour (WWF) fortified with 16%
Partially Defatted Flaxseed Flour (PDF) and 12% full fat flaxseed flour. Similarly Straight Grade Flour (SGF)
used for the production of pan bread was fortified with both 12% PDF and FFF. The resultant unleavened flat
breads and pan breads were analyzed for their dietary fiber, amino acid and fatty acid profile. The unleavened
flat breads and breads prepared from both PDF and FFF supplemented composite flours yielded significantly
higher contents of soluble, non soluble and total dietary fibers. Unleavened flat breads possessed higher
dietary fiber content than those of breads. The unleavened flat breads prepared from 16% PDF
supplemented WWF possessed significantly the highest content of isoleucine (1.16 g/100 g flour) and the
lowest isoleucine content (0.45 g/100 g flour) was found in breads prepared from control flour (100% SGF).
The results indicated that contents of all the tested essential amino acids were improved substantially by
the supplementation of PDF and FFF in the wheat flours. Unleavened flat breads containing 12% FFF
possessed the highest content of palmitic (0.595%) and stearic acid (0.152%). The results further indicate
that an excellent ratio of linoleic acid over linolenic existed in the unleavened flat breads and breads prepared
from full fat flaxseed supplemented composite flours.
Key words: Flaxseed, unleavened flat bread, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, dietary fibers, pan bread
INTRODUCTION
The consumers demand has increased for the food
products with taste, safety, convenience and nutrition.
Thus nutrition has emerged an added dimension in the
chain of food product development (Ahmad, 1999;
Shahidi, 2002). There are many foods which are
associated with health benefits and are used or sold
under a variety of names like designer, novel, medical,
nutraceutical and functional foods. The prospective
health benefits of oil seeds such as flaxseed, especially
in relation to cancer and cardiovascular disease has got
more consideration by the nutrition workers and food
scientists. Many researchers are conducting studies on
its role in the cure and prevention of several diseases
(Jenkins et al., 1999). Due to health promoting
properties and excellent nutrient profile of flaxseed, it
has been becoming a popular candidate for
incorporation in human diet. Flaxseed is being used
extensively for the development of functional foods. The
components of flaxseed, identified to exhibit the health
benefits are fiber, lignans and linolenic acid (Omega-3
fatty acid). Moreover, flaxseed is a good source of high
quality protein, soluble fibers and phenolic compounds
(Oomah, 2001).
Wheat is a staple food of Pakistani people and is a
leading cereal grain produced and consumed in the
country. In Pakistan, about 70% of the total wheat is
processed to produce the unleavened flat bread locally
known as chapatti and its other culinary variants,
“tandoori roti”, “nans”, “prathas” and “poories”. The rest
of the 30% is used for other bakery products such as
breads, cookies, cakes and pastries. Wheat is the
cheapest source of protein and calories for the
inhabitants of Pakistan. The quality of wheat based
products can be improved by supplementing them with
other cheap and healthy plant based food materials.
The incorporation of flaxseed into diet can help to have
a superior taste in regularly consumed dishes. The
reddish brown flaxseed grains have a pleasant flavour
and taste resembling nuts and its utilization is simple in
different products. It can be spread over soups, salads,
cereals or yoghurt. The baked products can be
supplemented with whole flaxseed grains to achieve an
attractive and appealing form with enhancement in the
texture of final product. The grinding of flaxseed before
its addition to products can be more beneficial to obtain
the prospective health benefits from its active
components like dietary fiber, lignans and Omega-3 fatty