[FIR 6.1 (2011) 47–63] Fieldwork in Religion (print) ISSN 1743–0615
doi: 10.1558/fiel.v6i1.47 Fieldwork in Religion (online) ISSN 1743–0623
© Equinox Publishing Ltd 2012, Unit S3, Kelham House, 3 Lancaster Street, Sheffield S3 8AF.
Stephen Pihlaja
“Are You Religious or are You
Saved?”: Defining Membership
Categories in Religious
Discussions on YouTube
Stephen Pihlaja is a PhD student at The Open
University. His interests include metaphor
analysis and inter-religious dialogue.
The Open University
Walton Hall
Milton Keynes
MK7 6AA UK
S.S.Pihlaja@open.ac.uk
Abstract
Using membership categorization analysis, this article investigates membership categories in a
YouTube video made by an Evangelical Christian in which he differentiates between “saved” and
“religious” users. Analysis will take a discourse-centred, multimodal approach grounded in
longitudinal observation, using analysis of video discourse to instruct analysis of video images and
user comments. Findings will show that categorization is accomplished by using recognized
categories with ambiguous descriptions of category-bound activities that include metaphors,
such as “being hungry for God” and not “hanging out with atheists.” These categories are
recognized by commenters on the video, but the category bound activities applied to the
category members are disputed. Findings will also show that scriptural reference plays an impor-
tant role in categorization in the video, drawing on direct Bible quotes as well as paraphrases of
key passages.
Keywords: discourse analysis; Evangelical Christian discourse; multimodal analysis; YouTube.
Category Membership on YouTube
YouTube is a video-hosting website, founded in 2005, which for the last two years
has consistently been one of the most visited websites on the Internet (Alexa, n.d.;
Burgess and Green, 2009). In many ways, YouTube embodies the notion of web 2.0
environments where social networking tools enable users to produce content and
interact with each other. The site’s interactive features provide many opportunities