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I. INTRODUCTION
hen considering a high penetration of Distributed
Generation (DG), the decision to disconnect DG when
islanding occurs is not appropriate. Ideally, the utility
shall fully utilize the DG to supply the load in the islanded
system. However, without a proper coordination and control
of an islanding operation, the idea to implement islanding
poses risks and hazards to the island and the grid. This
requires a distribution system so called ‘Smart Grid’
comprising monitoring, control, analysis and communications
capabilities to achieve a seamless and synchronized islanded
operation. Advanced technologies together with fast and
This work is supported by the University of Malaya (e.science fund:.106.
01.03.SF0562) and the University of Technology MARA, Malaysia.
H. Mohamad is with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of
Technology MARA, Malaysia.( e.mail:hasmaini@hotmail.com)
A.H.Abu Bakar is with the Centre of Research UMPEDAC, Department
of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia (e.mail:a.halim@um.edu.my)
H.W.Ping is with the Centre of Research UMPEDAC, Department of
Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia (e.mail:wphew@um.edu.my)
H.Mokhlis is with the the Centre of Research UMPEDAC, Department of
Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya,Malaysia (e.mail:hazli@um.edu.my)
reliable communication systems incorporate into the
distribution system could facilitate automation control
between the DG and the grid. It also will help to establish
synchronization during grid reconnection.
Many of the publications have discussed on the
intentional islanding operations. With an appropriate
controller designs to operate in two operation modes i.e.grid
connected and islanding a planned/intentional islanding
operation is feasible [1.9]. During grid connected mode of
operation, active power, P and reactive power, Q are
controlled whereas during islanding operation mode,
Voltage,V and frequency,f are controlled[2.3, 10] . The
complexity of the controller design would vary with the type
of generator used (rotating and inverter type). For multiple
numbers of DGs and mix types of DGs in the island, different
controller algorithm is needed which obviously needs a fast
and reliable communication means to communicate with each
other [4, 11.14]. Load sharing techniques are also required to
stabilize the islanding operation[15].
Islanding operation is commonly simulated due to a fault
at a point of common coupling (PCC) which leads to the
opening of associate circuit breaker. Besides, islanding also
may be formed due to the opening of circuit breaker when a
cable fault occurs at any load feeder feeding by the power
station. Thus, there is a possibility of having several islanding
areas with different amount of loads connected to it. This
contributes to a different power imbalance during transient
response hence requires an advance governor controller to
cope with the uncertainty of the speed response. The
corresponding controller designed for the islanding operation
having different islanding area is proposed in this paper. The
controller would intelligently make decisions to perform
significant tasks considering the information or data signal
received from the grid and island. The tasks include
identifying the islanding operation area, issuing transfer trip to
breakers, issuing load shedding scheme or dynamic breaking
and most importantly sustaining the operation of the island
within the acceptable operation limit.
In Malaysia, most of the existing and on.going small
scale generation units in distribution network come from
hydro power stations which using induction and synchronous
type of DG. Currently, the DG’s controller is not yet equipped
with any islanding operation strategy. Thus, in this paper, a
planned islanding operation considering existing Malaysia’
distribution network that consists of two small units of hydro
generation connected in parallel to the grid is discussed. The
islanding operation study is simulated using the
PSCAD/EMTDC simulation tool. The proposed controller is
applied to the islanding operation and the feasibility studies
An Adaptive Controller of Hydro Generators for
Smart Grid Application in Malaysia
H.Mohamad, , A.H.Abu Bakar, H.W.Ping, H.Mokhlis,
W
2010 International Conference on Power System Technology
978-1-4244-5940-7/10/$26.00©2010 IEEE