Running heading: volunteerism and activism 1 African and European American women’s volunteerism and activism: Similarities in volunteering and differences in activism G. Lawrence Farmer, M.S.W., Ph.D. Associate Professor Chaya S. Piotrkowski, Ph.D. Professor Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service Authors’ note: Address correspondence to: G. Lawrence Farmer, 113 West 60th Street, New York, NJ 10023; email: farmer@fordham.edu , 212-636-7081 Acknowledgements: Data for this study were taken from the Social Capital Community Benchmark Study. The Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey was designed by the Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement in America, a project at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. The principal investigator was Robert D. Putnam.