Core Values, Value Conflict, and Citizens' Ambivalence about Gay Rights Stephen C. Craig Michael D. Martinez Department of Political Science Department of Political Science P. O. Box 117325 P. O. Box 117325 University of Florida University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 Gainesville, FL 32611 scraig@polisci.ufl.edu martinez@polisci.ufl.edu James G. Kane Jason Gainous Editor, Florida Voter Department of Political Science 3000 S. W. 60th Avenue P. O. Box 117325 Davie, FL 33314 University of Florida jgkane@gate.net Gainesville, FL 32611 gainous@polisci.ufl.edu Abstract: Recent research has recognized that many people simultaneously hold positive and negative attitudes about important political issues. In this paper, we review the concept of attitudinal ambivalence and propose a survey-based measure of ambivalence adapted from the experimental literature. Extending our earlier work on abortion, analysis of a statewide telephone survey of Florida residents reveals that (1) many people have ambivalent attitudes about issues related to gay and lesbian rights; (2) the amount of ambivalence varies according to the specific rights in question (military service, gay marriage and adoption, membership in youth organizations such as Boy Scouts, and others); (3) ambivalence on gay rights is to some extent a function of conflict among citizens' underlying core values; and (4) under certain circumstances, ambivalence appears to mediate the relationship between a person's issue preferences with regard to gay rights and his or her evaluation of political leaders and institutions. Paper presented for delivery at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA, August 29-September 1, 2002. Copyright American Political Science Association.