TWO NEW CASES OF PAEDOMORPHOSIS IN THE CAUCASIAN NEWTS:
Ommatotriton ophryticus (THE FIRST RECORD) AND Lissotriton vulgaris lantzi
Dmitry V. Skorinov,
1
Oleg Novikov,
2
Leo J. Borkin,
2
and Spartak N. Litvinchuk
1
Submitted April 8, 2008.
A female of the Caucasian banded newt, Ommatotriton ophryticus ophryticus (Berthold, 1846) with well-devel-
oped external gills was found in Malaya Ritsa Lake, Abkhazia, the western Caucasus. It is the first record of
paedomorphosis for the genus. A paedomorphic Lissotriton vulgaris lantzi (Wolterstorff, 1914) and an over-
wintering larva of Triturus karelinii (Strauch, 1870) were captured in the settlement Machary, the eastern vicinity
of Sukhum Town, Abkhazia. The geographic distribution of paedomorphic newts and overwintering larvae of
Ommatotriton ophryticus ophryticus and Lissotriton vulgaris lantzi are mapped.
Keywords: Amphibia, Salamandridae, paedomorphosis, Ommatotriton ophryticus, Lissotriton vulgaris lantzi,
the Caucasus.
The paedomorphosis (or neoteny according to some
authors) as a particular phenomenon of heterochronic
development of animals is widely distributed among
urodelan amphibians. In the family Salamandridae the
paedomorphosis is known for the newt genera Noto-
phthalmus, Pleurodeles, Lissotriton, Mesotriton, and
Triturus. Since the 19
th
century, the majority of cases
(single individuals and populations) were registered in
the species of Mesotriton and Lissotriton, formerly as-
signed to the genus Triturus sensu lato (Litvinchuk et
al., 1996; Denoël, 2007). However, no record of paedo-
morphic newts of the genus Ommatotriton was pub-
lished.
Recently, overwintering larvae of the Caucasian
banded newt were observed in Abkhazia, the western
Caucasus (Malandziya and Vasilenko, 2002). We recog-
nized two species of the genus Ommatotriton Gray, 1850
distributed in Middle Asia and the Caucasus, namely:
O. ophryticus (Berthold, 1846) and O. vittatus (Gray,
1835), each with two subspecies (Litvinchuk and Bor-
kin, 2009). Therefore, the Caucasian populations should
be treated as O. ophryticus ophryticus (Berthold, 1846).
In spring 2007, a paedomorhic female O. o. ophryti-
cus was found by Oleg Novikov in Malaya Ritsa Lake,
Ritsa Relic National Park, Abkhazia, among numerous
normal adult newts. The animal (total length 103.7 mm,
body length 54.8 mm) reached, in fact, the same size as
transformed newts (Fig. 1). The female had well-devel-
oped external gills, even dorsal fin and a little lighter
coloration (Figs. 1 and 2). The newt was taken to the
laboratory in Krasnograd Town, Kharkov Province,
Ukraine, where it lived about one month. Unfortunately,
its death happened in the summer of the same year
(2007), without obvious causes. Currently, the specimen
is keeping in the collections of the Department of Herpe-
tology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sci-
ences, St. Petersburg.
As a rule, paedomorphic newts were observed in
oligotrophic water bodies with abrupt shores. Such wa-
ter bodies also provided sufficient amount of food both
for adults and larvae, and lacked possible predators.
Importantly, a water body must be not frozen down at
bottom in winter and to dry up in summer (Litvinchuk et
al., 1996; Denoël, 2007). Malaya Ritsa Lake demon-
strates all these characters. Indeed, this oligotrophic lake
with abrupt shores is situated at the altitude of 1235 m
a.s.l. and surrounded by the primary beech forest. The
lake length is about 500 m, the maximum width is
275 m, and the maximum depth is 76 m. The water in
the lake is quite cold and very transparent because the
water level is supported by thawed influx. In addition,
Malaya Ritsa Lake contains no fish (Chikovani et al.,
1990).
1026-2296/2009/1601-0016 © 2009 Folium Publishing Company
Russian Journal of Herpetology Vol. 16, No. 1, 2009, pp. 16 – 18
1
Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskiy
pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
2
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitet-
skaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.