Authoring M-Learning Content: a case study of using
power point mobile enabled tools to create content
for learning anywhere anytime
Nana Kofi Annan
Centre for Communication, Media and Information
Technologies (CMI) Aalborg University, A. C Meyers
Vaenge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark &
Wisconsin International University, P. O. Box LG 751,
Legon, Accra, Ghana Tel: +45 2175 8394, Email:
annan@cmi.aau.dk
George Ofori-Dwumfuo
Methodist University College Ghana Head, Department of
Information Technology P.O Box DC 940 Dansoman,
Accra, Ghana Tel: +233 244 885 024, Email:
g_ofori@yahoo.com
Morten Falch
Centre for Communication, Media and Information
Technologies (CMI) Aalborg University, A. C Meyers
Vaenge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark.
Tel: +45 9940 2517, Email: falch@cmi.aau.dk
Abstract— This paper present a case study report on the findings
of an empirical study conducted at the Central University College
(CUC) in Ghana on the use of “OUTSTART” AD-CONNECT
mobile learning (m-learning) application for authoring m-
learning content. The system use the familiar Microsoft power
point with an added features which comes with authoring tools
which is simple to use by teachers for creating m-learning
content. The main objective of the study is to make m-learning
content authoring very easy and simple for the teacher with easy
to use tools so as to boost their stake in the use of mobile learning
platform (MLP) for teaching and learning anywhere anytime.
The result shows that the success of m-learning implementation
and acceptance is partly dependent on the user friendliness,
simplicity and easy to use applications by teachers. In all 90
lecturers participated in the project. The significance of the study
was the development of the “STUMP” model which is meant to
be a framework to guide m-learning system developers and
implementers.
Keywords-M-Learning; authoring; content; user-interface;
teachers
I. INTRODUCTION
The focus of this paper is on teachers as m-learning content
authors and users with core objective of make m-learning
content authoring very easy and simple for the teacher with
easy to use tools so as to boost their stake in the use of mobile
learning platform (MLP) for teaching and learning anywhere
anytime. The user friendliness, simplicity and easy to use m-
learning authoring tools are partly contributing factors which
can determine the acceptance and use of m-learning platform
for teaching and learning by especially teachers. Mobile
learning is no doubt becoming a relevant method of learning
which can be blended with the existing known traditional
classroom face-to-face teaching and learning method. It is also
suitable as a comprehensive learning platform for distance
education without any physical classroom. M-Learning is
actually showing strong indication of extending teaching and
learning from a fixed location to a ubiquitous environment
where by teachers can teach and learners learn at any-time
anywhere with any portable mobile computing devices. In the
beginning, m-learning were no more than SMS of simple text
which contained necessary information on specific subject
areas or series of short notes. Although most m-learning still
use SMS, currently we can find many such m-learning platform
using XHTML, XML, WML, WAP, JAVA etc. which have
mobile learning engines (MLEs), mobile delivery engines
(MDEs) and mobile authoring tools (MATs) for developing
appealing and sophisticated content with video, voice, pictures,
animations and more for learners. One issue with these m-
learning applications that this paper is concern with is human
computer interaction (HCI) and teachers [4]. Some of these m-
learning applications do not have good HCIs and this often
than not scare most teachers from using it to develop content to
be used by students. Sometime developing simple content can
involve a lot of difficult time consuming steps so much that
one will not like to use the same system a second time.
Literature review done by this paper on m-learning shows that
there are several m-learning pilot projects being conducted all
over but very few among them have been able to go beyond
pilot stage to full implementation [2]. This paper asserts that
the teachers who are in most case as it were the main content
developers do not find these m-learning applications to be as
user friendly as it should since research shows that most of
these teachers are not very skillful in the use of ICTs for
teaching and learning. This paper observed that most research
on m-learning concentrate on the system developers, learners,
pedagogy and devices but not on the teacher. Thus little or no
attention has been given to the role and relevance of the teacher
who in actual fact is the content developer for the learner in
978-1-4673-2225-6/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
2012 International Conference on Education and e-Learning Innovations