The Police System In common parlance cops and robbers area conceptual couple, cops always to chase the robbers. This was not the case until relatively recently. Criminology has shed light, for most of its history, on the robbers, miscreants, cops and other components of criminal justice system where outside its jurisdiction. The police in our contemporary sense are seen as a small part of the whole of domestic government and an important agency of criminal justice system. A recent anthropological study has linked the development of specializd police force to economic specialization which happened in the evolution from a kinship to a class-dominated society. Police in Different Countries: The word ‘police’ comes from the French, and less directly from Greek politeia, which means government or administration. In the eighteenth century the word ‘police’ was coined in France. It is also known as constabulary. In 1663, London hired watchman to patrol the streets at night. It was the first law enforcement body. Throughout the United Kingdom this type of surveillance was widespread. The Glasgow Police Act was passed on June 30, 1800. This Act established the city police of Glasgow, Scotland. This was the first professional police organization in the country. Other cities followed this instance and established their own police forces by individual Acts of Parliament. In 1929 the Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act, which allowed Sir Robert Peel, the then home secretary, to establish London Metropolitan Police, whose members came to be called Peelers or Bobbies. It became odel for many countries, including the United States, and they found police forces in their countries along this model. In 1845 the first organized police force was established in New York city. Other cities followed this example. In Australia thee are two levels of police forces, state police and the Australian Federal Police.