International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Mar. 2013.
©IJAET ISSN: 2231-1963
405 Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 405-414
A NEW ALGORITHM FOR CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL
CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATING CLOUDS OVER NORTH-
EASTERN REGION OF INDIA
S. Balaji Kumar
1
, K. Krishna Reddy
1
, U. V. Murali Krishna
1
and H. G. Pathak2
1
Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa-516003, A.P., India
2
Regional Meteorological Centre, India Meteorological Centre, Guwahati, Assam, India
ABSTRACT
The North East (NE) region of India is prone to severe thunderstorm during pre monsoon period. These pre-
monsoon precipitations are measured at Guwahati (26
o
17’ N, 91
o
77’ E) using a laser based particle size and
velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer from 15 April to 31 May 2010 under a national field campaign named Severe
Thunderstorm Observational and Regional Modeling (STORM). For the improved understanding of these pre-
monsoon thunderstorm a new cloud classification hybrid algorithm is developed based on thermodynamics and
microphysical characterstics of precipitation. This algorithm can classify the premonsoon precipitaitng clouds
into thuderstrom (TS), non- thuderstrom (NTS) and futher into convective & stratiform cloud fractions based on
thermodynamic indices and rain integral parameters. The observation results showed that raindrops of Small
and mid (large) size are having same concentration in convective (stratiform) regions of both TS and NTS
precipitations. There is a large spread in the mean diameter (Dm) and total concentration (NT) at higher
rainrate of TS than NTS. The coefficient (A) of the radar reflectivity and rainrate relation (Z-R) is found to be
smaller for TS than NTS. There is a significant difference in Raindrop concentration in stratiform, convective
regions of TS and NTS precipitation.
K EYWORDS: Thunderstorm, Rainrate, Radar reflectivity, Raindrop Concentration.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Eastern and North Eastern (NE) part of India i.e., Gangetic West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa,
Assam are affected by severe thunderstorms during pre-monsoon months, in particular, during April-
May. These storms are also known as Norwesters as they move from Northwest to Southeast. Studies
on thunderstorms at different parts of Indian are documented by a few researchers [1-4] using ground
instruments, radisonde and satellite observations. There are studies on lightning [5], changes in
thunderstorm electric field [6] and climatological aspects of thunderstorms, squalls [7] over Guwahati.
There are different techniques viz., satellite [8 & 9], statistical [10], Fuzzy logic [11], Wavelet [12]
and Neural Network [13] based approaches for classifying the precipitating clouds over the globe.
However, so far there were no attempts on cloud classification over NE region of India. As
microphysical characteristics are very important to understand thunderstorm development,
propagation and dissipation, there is a need to study the Raindrop Size Distributions (RSD)
parameters for the type of precipitation (stratiform, convective) and of thunderstorm, non
thunderstorm [14-16]. Hence, for the first time an attempt is made to classify the precipitating clouds
into stratiform, convective regions of Thunderstorm (TS) and Non-Thunderstorm (NTS) using a new
hybrid algorithm. The main advantage of this algorithm is that, it utilizes both convective thermo-
dynamical indices as well as RSD at the ground level. As convective indices gives information about
the atmospheric instability of precipitating clouds and RSD represents the microphysical parameters
of aloft cloud at the ground level, this hybrid algorithm is considered to be a more advantages for