Soil Science Society of America Journal
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:1100–1106
doi:10.2136/sssaj 2011.0278
Received 5 Aug. 2011.
*Corresponding author (hirmas@ku.edu).
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Determination of Calcite and Dolomite Content in Soils
and Paleosols by Continuous Coulometric Titration
Soil Mineralogy
T
he ability to accurately determine the fraction of calcite and dolomite
composing the total carbonate in a sample is important in investigations
of soil genesis, determination of mineral weathering and formation rates,
reconstruction of paleoenvironments, and identiication of sediment source areas
(Levine et al., 1989; Long et al., 1997; Capo et al., 2000; Muhs et al., 2001; Bustillo
and Alonso-Zarza, 2007). his ability has aided studies in discriminating pedo-
genic pathways of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) accumulation from those where soil
carbonates have been inherited from lithogenic sources or precipitated as a result
of groundwater processes and is, thus, important for accurately inventorying true
SIC sequestration (Bellanca and Neri, 1993; Wang and Anderson, 2000). In addi-
tion, investigations that use stable isotopes of paleosol carbonates—such as paleo-
climatic and paleohydrologic reconstructions—depend on an accurate determina-
tion of the calcite and dolomite content in a sample.
Daniel R. Hirmas*
Dep. of Geography
Univ. of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045-7613
Brian F. Platt
Stephen T. Hasiotis
Dep. of Geology
Univ. of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045-7594
Quantitative determination of calcite/dolomite ratios in soil carbonate
fractions is important for understanding the pedogenic history of a soil or
paleosol. This is particularly relevant to stable carbonate-carbon and -oxy-
gen isotope analyses where the presence of dolomite in a carbonate fraction
can lead to erroneous results and inaccurate interpretations of the paleoenvi-
ronment. The goal of this work was to develop and test an accurate method
using coulometric titration combined with differential kinetic principles for
determining calcite and dolomite fractions in a sample. An automated titra-
tor was connected to a temperature-controlled carbonate reactor where 2 M
HClO
4
was introduced to the sample and mixed by bubbling CO
2
–free air at
a constant rate of 100 mL min
–1
. Samples were ground to <53 μm to control
for differences in particle size and reactive surface area. The concentration
of C released from the reaction was monitored and recorded every 6 s for
the length of the reaction. Data were it with both a pseudo-irst order kinet-
ic model and a Weibull model for comparison. The latter outperformed the
pseudo-irst order kinetic model and the Weibull parameter, λ, it to titration
data from unknown samples was compared to λ values it to data from mix-
tures of known fractions of pure calcite and dolomite to quantitatively obtain
the content of the two minerals. Dolomite fractions obtained by this method
qualitatively compared well with values obtained by X-ray diffraction. Our
method allows a precise and accurate measurement for both total carbonate
and the ratio of calcite to dolomite in a sample.
Abbreviations: cal, calcite; C
T
, total dissolved inorganic carbon; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide;
dol, dolomite; DTA, differential thermal analysis; ETA, ethanolamine; MS
residuals
, mean
square of the residuals; PTFE, polytetraluoroethylene; RMSE, root mean square error; SIC,
soil inorganic carbon; XRD, X-ray diffraction.