International Review of PHYSICS, Vol. 7, N.3 Manuscript received June 2013, revised June 2013 Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Geomagnetic influence on Antarctic climate – evidences and mechanism N.A. Kilifarska 1 , V.G. Bakhmutov 2 , G. V. Melnyk 2 Abstract – This paper presents a mechanism through which geomagnetic field intensity and its temporal variations could affect diversity of Antarctic temperature trends, reported recently. It consists of: (i.) modulation of energetic particle fluxes, continuously or sporadically entering Earth's atmosphere; (ii.) ozone formation in the lower stratosphere, initiated by precipitating energetic particles, with different mechanisms for galactic and solar protons; (iii.) modulation of tropopause temperature and humidity by the ozone; (iv) greenhouse warming or cooling, depending of the sign of humidity anomaly. Provided are also evidences confirming validity of this mechanism. The spatial distribution of correlation coefficients of surface temperature with: (i) geomagnetic field intensity,(ii) total ozone and (iii) specific humidity at 150 hPa shows a persistent coherence between all of them over West Antarctica. Moreover, analysis of time series reveals that in this sector the ozone values are permanently lower, while specific humidity near the tropopause remains persistently higher than that in the East Antarctica, during all examined years. This means that during the passed half a century the near surface air temperature in the West Antarctica is warmed (by the increased near tropopause humidity), while in the East Antarctica it is cooled, due to the reduced water vapour making the atmosphere more transparent for the long-wave radiation emitted from the Earth. Thus one of the hotly discussed problems for cooling trends of the Eastern Antarctica, in the context of contemporary global warming, could be easily solved by taking into account the geomagnetic field influence on climate. Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved. Keywords: geomagnetic field variations, climate, ozone, humidity Nomenclature: ERA-40 and ERA-Interim – products of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) providing gridded 4D data for a great variety of atmospheric parameters, based on the re-analysis of multi-decadal series of past observations, aimed for use in studies of long-term climate variability; IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; IGRF – International Geomagnetic Reference Field; GCR – Galactic Cosmic Rays; SPE - Solar proton events or solar protons; SpH – atmospheric specific humidity, defined as the mass of water vapor per unit mass of air, including the water vapor, usually in kg/kg; TOZ – Total Ozone content in the column with unit cross-section in the atmosphere; T2m – air temperature at 2 m above the surface from ERA re-analyses UV – Ultra Violet radiation; I. Introduction The diversity of trends in Antarctic climatic system is a subject of continuous debates in scientific community. The simultaneous warming of the Western and cooling of the Central and Eastern Antarctica raises questions about the factors and mechanisms leading to these variations. Most of the researches of the freeze continent explain a winter-spring warming of the Antarctic Peninsula with intensification of the western circulation, bringing warm, wet air masses from the Pacific Ocean [1], [2], [3]. In addition, the strong Antarctic vortex prevents the spreading of cold polar air, thus ensuring its stronger radiative cooling over the central part of the continent. In a recent publication [4] is shown, however, that not only the Peninsula, but the whole West Antarctica is warming during the last 50 years. The positive trend in the air surface temperature they attribute to regional changes in atmospheric circulation. The reconstruction of near surface air temperature during the passed 200 years provides evidences for a long-term, modest warming of the Antarctic continent. It spans the last 150 yeas [3], what is an indication that the recent strengthening of the western circulation (since the late 1950s) is an additional but not the main reason for