Pergamon 0031-9422(94)00793--4 Phytochemistry, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 1449-1450, 1995
Copyright © 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd
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A DITERPENE FROM BIDENS PILOSA
MA. CARMELITAA. ZULUETA,* MASARU TADA,~ and CONSOLACIONY. RAGASA
Department of Chemistry, De la Salle University, Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines 1004; tDepartment of Chemistry, School of
Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169 Japan
(Received in revisedform 25 August 1994)
Key Word lndex--Bidens pilosa; Compositae; diterpene; phytyl heptanoate.
Abstract--A new diterpene, phytyl heptanoate, has been isolated from Bidens pilosa, and its structure confirmed by
chemical synthesis.
INTRODUCTION
Bidens pilosa is found in waste places throughout the
Philippines. It was investigated because of its wide range
of medicinal applications. Its leaves are used as treatment
for rheumatism, sore eyes, abdominal troubles, ulcers,
swollen glands and toothaches, among others [1]. A
number of earlier studies reported the isolation of sterols
[2], monoterpenes [3], sesquiterpenes [3], flavones [4],
flavonoids [5], glucosides [6] and hydrocarbons [2, 7].
We now report the isolation and identification of a novel
diterpene (1) from the same species.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The non-polar fractions of the chloroform extract of
the leaves of B. pilosa afforded stigmasterol, squalene, a
mixture of elaidic acid and behenic acid, and a novel
diterpene, phytyl heptanoate. The structures of the first
four compounds were identified by NMR, IR mass
spectra and comparison with spectra obtained from
authentic samples. The structure of phytyl heptanoate
was elucidated by NMR, IR, mass spectrometry and,
finally, synthesis of the compound from phytol and hep-
tanoic acid using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as
dehydrating agent and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)
as catalyst [8].
The 1H NMR spectrum of phytyl heptanoate revealed
the presence of an olefinic proton at 65.33 (t, d = 7.0 Hz)
which was coupled to methylene protons at 64.59 (d, J
= 7.0 Hz). On chemical shift grounds, the methylene may
be attached to an oxygenated carbon. Possibly the com-
pound had an ester functionality (C=O stretch at
1724 cm-1 and C-O-C stretch at 1203 cm-1). A methyl
group attached to an olefinic carbon gave rise to a
resonance at 61.69. The triplet at 62.01 suggested methyl-
ene attached to an olefin, while the triplet at 62.29 and
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
quintet at 61.62 may be assigned to methylene groups
attached ct and fl, respectively, to a carbonyl, which is
supported by a strong correlation in COSY.
The mass spectrum of phytyl heptanoate revealed a
molecular ion peak at ra/z 408. The most characteristic
peak was the base peak m/z 278 which could have been
generated by a McLafferty rearrangement to a diene and
an acid.
The acidic part of the molecule had a M, of 130 and a
survey of acids with this mass revealed the possibility of
heptanoic acid, C7H140 2 and a C6H1203 compound.
The latter was ruled out as the NMR and IR spectra do
not support the presence of alcohol or ether in the acid.
The alcohol portion of the compound has a molecular
formula, C2oH39OH. Among the list of alcohols with this
formula, which is consistent with the 1H NMR spectral
data, is phytol, a diterpene alcohol. Therefore, the peak at
m/z 278 may be as shown overleaf.
Based on the previously mentioned analysis it can be
inferred that the compound is phytyl heptanoate, and to
confirm this structure, synthesis work was carried out.
Phytyi heptanoate was prepared by esterification of
heptanoic acid and phytol catalysed by suiphuric acid
which afforded a 2.86% yield. To obtain a higher yield,
esterification was again carried out using DCC as dehy-
drating agent and DMAP as catalyst which afforded a
64.8% yield. Comparison of the XH NMR, IR and mass
spectra of the synthesized phytyl beptanoate and the
isolated compound revealed that the two were identical.
EXPERIMENTAL
Isolation. A series of chromatographic separations was
conducted on the first fr. collected with the following
solvent systems as eluent: hexane-DCM (5: 1, 10: 1, 2:1).
Final separation was accomplished by prep. TLC using
hexane-DCM (2: 1) as developing solvent. Phytyl hep-
tanoate (4.0 rag), an oil, was obtained. The third fr.
obtained from the first column was rechromatographed
1449