User Acceptance of a Key Performance Indicators Monitoring System
(KPI-MS) in Higher Education: An Application of the Technology
Acceptance Model
Balakrishnan Muniandy
1
, Mei Yean Ong
1
, Kia Kien Phua
2
, Saw Lan Ong
3
1
Centre for Instructional Technology & Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia
2
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia
3
School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to study users’ acceptance of the Key Performance Indicator
Monitoring System (KPI-MS) developed using PHP 5.2 as the scripting language and MySQL Community
Server 5.0 as the databases management system. The acceptance of KPI-MS system is in terms of its
perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The data for the study was collected using a survey
instrument which was modified from Davis’s study on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A total of 78
participants from all the schools and centres in one of the public universities in West Malaysia participated in
this study. This instrument was validated by three experts in the related field and scored the reliability with
Cronbach alpha value of 0.955. A descriptive analysis was conducted to indicate the mean scores of KPI-MS
rated by the users. The findings showed that the users rated KPI-MS as very useful in monitoring KPI
performance of their schools or centres. In conclusion, the KPI-MS system is accepted by the users in terms
of perceive usefulness and perceive ease of use on the system.
Keywords: Key Performance Indicators, Key Performance Indicator Monitoring System, Technology
Acceptance Model, Perceive Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use
1. Introduction
Key Performance Indicator Monitoring System (KPI-MS) is an online monitoring system of Key
Performance Indicator (KPI) that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. It was developed to be a robust
central database storing various performance data. This system is an intelligent database system and it is able
to calculate raw data automatically to produce performance outputs such as reports and charts. It has a single
file structure which is easily maintained and compatible with corporate database structure. KPI-MS system is
able to store schools’ and centers’ performance information for a number of years with cumulative annual
data that can be retrieved and compared with different years. This system is developed with the purpose of
helping schools and centers at a university in West Malaysia to store their KPI data, calculate KPI marks and
then generates reports and charts. Besides, KPI-MS is developed to provide value-added services, such as
online monitoring of each school’s or centre’s KPI accomplishments including performance comparison by
year, between targeted and current accomplishment as well as between schools and centers in the university.
1.1. KPI-MS and Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE)
Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is an index that evaluates the qualitative and quantitative
performances of an organization or institution. In higher education institutions, KPI is an effective measure
of the quality of the universities’ output used in planning and improving universities’ performance.
According to Chan and Chan
[1]
, KPI addressed several issues of output and outcomes as the measurement of
performance. In Malaysia, KPI is used as a requirement for the public higher education institutions in
improving quality. The quality level of the higher education institutions were determined by the effectiveness
and efficiency of their performance
[2]
. The benchmark of the performance indicators was determined by the
Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia. Key Performance Indicators Monitoring System (KPI-MS)
2011 2nd International Conference on Education and Management Technology
IPCSIT vol.13 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore
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