JO DAY
COUNTING THREADS. SAFFRON IN AEGEAN BRONZE AGE
WRITING AND SOCIETY
Summary. The ideogram for saffron has long been recognized on the Linear
B tablets from Knossos. Close examination of this corpus allows a distinction
in content to be made between the LM II–LM IIIA1 tablets of the Room of the
Chariot Tablets and the later LM IIIA1–2 tablets from the North Entrance
Passage. It is suggested here that the later material demonstrates an increasing
control over saffron production by the palace, with a greater overall quantity of
the spice recorded, larger individual contributions, potential supervisors in
charge of collection, and pressure to reach targets. This increase in
organization coincides with a dramatic decrease in crocus imagery in other
media, and may indicate a deliberate Mycenaean rejection of the symbolic
world of Minoan floral iconography, and an interest only in the commercial
value of the precious spice. Possible antecedents of the saffron ideogram in
Linear A and Cretan Hieroglyphic are also considered.
introduction
Study of the Late Bronze Age societies of Crete and mainland Greece is greatly aided
by the surviving texts of that period. Linear B, the script of Mycenaean Greece, has been
recognized since the start of the twentieth century when Sir Arthur Evans first uncovered
inscribed clay tablets at Knossos, but it was only deciphered in 1952 by Michael Ventris, who
demonstrated that it was an early form of Greek.
1
The script is found primarily on small clay
tablets, although the signs also occur on labels, sealings and painted on to stirrup jars (ISJs). The
tablets have been the focus of the majority of scholarly research, and come from Mycenae, Pylos,
Thebes, Tiryns, andAyios Vasileios (in Laconia) in mainland Greece, as well as Knossos and
Khania on Crete. However, their preservation is entirely accidental; they were baked in the fires
which occurred during the destruction of the main Mycenaean sites at the end of LH IIIB, or
probably slightly earlier during LM IIIA–B for those on Crete. The presence of Linear B tablets
at Knossos and Khania, combined with other changes in material culture, has been understood
to suggest a Mycenaean presence on, or even control over, the island in LM II–LM IIIB (Rehak
and Younger 1998, 148–9). Although these texts primarily record various transactions between
1 The story of the decipherment is told in Chadwick 1970 (1958).
OXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY 30(4) 369–391 2011
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