Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits
Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN: 2249-8621
__________________________________________________________________________________________
JoEECC (2013) 1-10 © STM Journals 2013. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Energy, Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Forced
Draft Cooling Tower
Shadrach Osokam Onyegu*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Abstract
This paper presents the results of energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis for a
forced draft cooling tower. The work was done using field data from an operating system
spanning ten (10) years. The process was modelled mathematically and computer
simulations were made using the MS Excel environment, specifically on the dependence
of both the energetic efficiency on the inlet water temperature and the second law
efficiency on the inlet water temperature, ambient temperature and relative humidity was
investigated, and the cost associated with the exergy destroyed, the average cost per unit
exergy, ratio of mass flow rates of water and air and the exergoeconomic factor for the
cooling tower were simulated. The results from the analysis compare formally with those
in the literature; this study demonstrates that exergoeconomic analysis can provide extra
vital information than the energy and exergy analysis alone.
Keywords: cooling tower, exergy analysis, second-law efficiency, exergoeconomic
analysis
*Author for Correspondence E-mail: onyeguosokam@gmail.com,
INTRODUCTION
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device,
whose main function is to extract waste heat
from warm water and release it to the
atmosphere. Cooling towers cool the warm
water discharged from the condenser and feed
the water back to the condenser. Unlike the car
radiator which uses air alone in cooling,
cooling towers lower the temperatures of
water with the aid of recuperative heat
exchangers which is an integral component of
a plant resulting to a higher efficiency and cost
effectiveness. The technique of exergy
analysis has been developed for evaluation of
the thermodynamic perfection of systems in
terms of exergy and exergy losses.
According to Tsatsaronis [1], the monetary
basis to which the interaction an energy
system experiences with its immediate
surroundings and to its associated
thermodynamic inefficiencies within a system
is attributed to exergy. However, the cost
associated with such inefficiency ought to be
known, knowledge of costing as applied to
energy systems is very vital for improving
their cost effectiveness, that is, in reducing the
cost of the final product produced by the
system [2]. Saravanan et al. [3] considered the
effect of inlet air wet bulb temperature and
inlet water temperature on the performance of
a cooling tower by carrying out energy and
exergy analysis of a counter flow wet cooling
tower. Thirapong et al. [4] carried out
exergetic analysis on the performance of a
counter flow cooling tower; in their research,
the results obtained show that the drop in
efficiency started from the top of the cooling
tower and increased downwards as a result of
increasing exergy destruction along the
cooling tower downwards. It also shows that
as a result of irreversibilities, the cooling
process perform poorly at the bottom and
gradually improve along the height of the
tower. Cardona and Piacentino [5] carried out
an investigative research on how to optimize
the performance of variable demand energy
systems by exploring the exergoeconomic
approach using aggregate consumption data
and case oriented technique which simplifies
the flow of exergy between systems. Boumaza
et al. [6] carried out thermal performances
investigation of a wet cooling tower by
carrying out experimental investigations on a