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Love Bites! Or Taking Ethics to
Heart: Response to Critics on Animal
Lessons
Kelly Oliver
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My heartfelt thanks goes to my critics, who have thoughtfully engaged
with my book, taken it in new directions, and enriched conversations in
animal philosophy both here and in their own work, to which, and for
which, I am indebted. It is a privilege to respond to colleagues whose
work I admire, the authors of important books in animal studies such as
Brett’s excellent Onto-Ethologies: e Animal Environments of Üexkill, Heidegger,
Merleau-Ponty, and Deleuze and Kalpana’s recent stunner HumAnimals: Race,
Law, Language. Of course, it is an honor to have my colleague David
Wood comment on my book. David’s work on Nietzsche was my north
star when I wrote my dissertation at Northwestern decades ago. And he
has been on the vanguard of animal studies in Continental philosophy
from its inception. I am also grateful that while challenging us to think
with, and beyond, the project of Animal Lessons, Kalpana, David, and
Brett have approached the book with generosity and kindness. Mostly,
I am relieved that, in Brett’s terms, none of them ate the book for lunch,
tore it to shreds, or, worse, used it for kitty litter.
Before attempting to respond to the ethical questions raised by
all three commentators, I want to touch upon the ticklish question of
animal biters in the hopes of addressing some of their more specic
concerns. I do not elicit gures of animals biting back in order to justify
restraining or controlling them. Rather, in the context of philosophy, I
use the metaphor of biting back as a type of deconstructive gesture that
coaxes a text to bite its own tail. However, biting back has positive, as
well as negative, valences. e notion of biting back returns agency to
those we dominate. Moreover, and more importantly for my project, it
exposes the idea of absolute mastery of animals, whether metaphorical
animals or actual animals, as an illusion. In other words, it challenges
human sovereignty, mastery, and dominion over animals. Perhaps
biting back is an appropriate, even political, response to man, who
literally bites rst the hand—or paw, claw, talon, hoof—that feeds him.